Fatty Acids in Some Cooking Oils as Agents of Hormonal Manipulation in a Rat Model of Benign Prostate Cancer
关键词:
benign prostatic hyperplasia, cooking oils, fatty acids, rat, dihydrotestosterone, testosterone摘要
Summary: Anti-androgenic substances, mainly prostate 5α-reductase inhibitors, used in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) have been associated with side effects in man and animals. To reduce these side effects as well as suppress BPH development, the management of the condition has come to include dietary interventions. This study investigated the effect of some cooking oils on testosterone-induced hyperplasia of the prostate in rats. Male Sprague-dawley rats were distributed into eighteen groups (n=6) as A-R. A negative control group was injected subcutaneously with soya oil; while prostatic hyperplasia was induced subcutaneously in groups B-R with 3mg/kg testosterone daily for 14days. Group B was the positive control (BPH group) while groups C-R were also administered orally 800mg/kg of coconut, castor, canola, cottonseed, pomegranate, blackseed, sheabutter, olive oil, codliver, sardine, palm, repeatedly heated palm (RHPO), vegetable, repeatedly-heated vegetable (RHVO), sesame, and groundnut oils respectively, daily, for 14 days. Blood sample was drawn via retro-orbital sinus for the estimation of serum testosterone(T) and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) level and rats were thereafter euthanized to obtain the prostates for T and DHT determination as well as tissue weights. Data are mean ± SEM, compared by ANOVA. The oils significantly reduced the increase in prostate weight (PW) to body weight (BW) ratio induced by testosterone. Apart from the fact that all the oils reduced the PW:BW ratio, the blackseed, sheabutter, sardine, vegetable and groundnut oils suppressed the DHT level in the serum, while pomegranate, olive, RHPO reduced DHT level in the prostate compared to the BPH rats. This study suggests that blackseed, sheabutter, sardine, vegetable, groundnut, pomegranate, olive, and RHPO oils could inhibit testosterone-induced hyperplasia of the prostate and therefore may be beneficial in the management of BPH.
参考
Albrecht, M., Jiang, W., Kumi-Diaka, J., Lansky, E.P., Gommersall, L.M., Patel, A. (2004). Pomegranate extracts potently suppress proliferation, xenograft growth and invasion of human prostate cancer cells. J. Med. Food. 7:274-283. Andriole, G., Bruchovsky, N., Chung, L.W., Matsumoto, A.M., Rittmaster, R., Roehrborn, C., Russell, D., Tindall, D. (2004). Dihydrotestosterone and the prostate: the scientific rationale for 5alpha-reductase inhibitors in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia. J. Urol. 172: 1399–1403. Arruzazabala, M.L., Carbajal, D., Más, R., Molina, V., Rodríguez, E., González, V. (2004). Preventive effects of D-004, a lipid extract from Cuban royal palm (Roystonea regia) fruits, on testosterone-induced prostate hyperplasia in intact and castrated rodents. Drugs Exp. Clin. Res.30(5-6):227-233. Arruzazabala, M.L., Molina, V., Mas, R., Carbajal, D., Marrero, D., Gonzalez, V., Rodriguez, E. (2007). Effects of coconut oil on testosterone-induced prostatic hyperplasia in Sprague-Dawley rats. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 59: 995–999. Arruzazabala, M.L., Pérez, Y., Ravelo, Y., Molina, V., Carbajal, D., Mas, R., Rodríguez, E. (2011). Effect of oleic, lauric and myristic acids on phenylephrine-induced contractions of isolated rat vas deferens. Indian J. Exp. Biol. 49:684-688.
Azman, A., Mohd Shahrul, S., Chan, S.X., Noorhazliza, A.P., Khairunnisak, M., Nur Azlina, M.F., Qodriyah, H. M. S., Kamisah, Y., Jaarin, K. (2012). Level of Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Night Market Food Outlet Operators in Kuala Lumpur Regarding the Usage of Repeatedly Heated Cooking Oil. Med. J. Malaysia 67 (1). Barkin, J. (2011). Benign prostatic hyperplasia and lower urinary tract symptoms: evidence and approaches for best case management. Can. J. Urol. 18:14-19. Chang, R.T., Kirby R. Challacombe, B.J. (2012). Is there a link between BPH and prostate cancer? Practitioner 256:13-16. Carson, C., Rittmaster, R. (2003). The role of dihydrotestosterone in benign prostatic hyperplasia. Urol. 61 (1): 2-7. Furuya, S., Kumamoto, Y., Yokoyama, E., Tsukamoto, T., Lzumi, T., Abiko, Y. (1982). Alpha adrenergic activity and urethral pressure in prostatic zone in benign prostatic hypertrophy. J. Urol. 128: 836-839. Gasmi, J, Sanderson, J.T. (2010). Growth inhibitory, antiandrogenic and pro-apoptotic effects of punicic acid in LNCaP human prostate cancer cells. J. Agric. Food Chem.58:12149-56. Gossell-Williams, M., Davis, A., O’Connor, N. (2006). Inhibition of Testosterone-Induced Hyperplasia of the Prostate of Sprague-Dawley Rats by Pumpkin Seed Oil. J. Med. Food. 9(2):284-286. Griffiths, K., Denis, L.J. (2000). Exploitable mechanisms for the blockade of androgenic action. Prostate 10:43-51. Grossmann, M.E., Mizuno, N.K., Schuster, T., Cleary, M.P. (2010). Punicic acid is an omega-5 fatty acid capable of inhibiting breast cancer proliferation. Int. J. Oncol. 36:421-426. Hora, J.J., Maydew, E.R., Lansky, E.P., Dwivedi, C. (2003). Chemo preventive effects of pomegranate seed oil on skin tumour development in cd1 mice. J. Med. Food, 6:157-61. McConnell, J.D., Wilson, J.D., George, F.W., Geller, J., Pappas F., Stoner, E. (1992). Finasteride, an inhibitor of 5 alpha-reductase, suppresses prostatic dihydrotestosterone in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia. J. Clin. Endocrinol Metab.74: 505-508. Mitra, S. K., Sundaram, R., Mohan, A. R., Gopumadhavan, S., Venkataranganna, M. V., Venkatesha, U., Seshadri, S. J., Anturlikar, S. D. (1999). Protective effect of Prostane in experimental prostatic hyperplasia in rats. Asian J. Androl. 1: 175–179. Mizokami, A., Koh, E., Izumi, K., Narimoto, K., Takeda, M., Honma, S., Dai, J., Keller, E.T., Namiki, M. (2009). Prostate cancer stromal cells and LNCaP cells coordinately activate the androgen receptor through synthesis of testosterone and dihydrotestosterone from dehydroepiandrosterone. Endocr- Relat. Cancer. 16: 1139–1155. Noa, M., Arruzazabala, M. L., Carbajal, D., Mas, R., Molina, V. (2005). Effect of D-004, a lipid extract from Cuban royal palm fruit, on histological changes of prostate hyperplasia induced with testosterone in rats. Inter. J. Tissue Reaction 27: 203–211. Pais, P. (2010). Potency of a novel saw palmetto extract, SPET-085, for inhibition of 5alpha-reductase II. Adv. Ther. 27:555-563. Park, E., Lee, M-Y., Jeon, W-Y., Lee, N., Seo, C-S., Shin, H-K. (2016). Inhibitory Effect of Yongdamsagan-Tang Water Extract, a Traditional Herbal Formula, on Testosterone-Induced Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia in Rats. Evid-based. Complement. Alternat. Med. 1428923. Raynaud, J., Cousse, H., Martin, P. (2002). Inhibition of type 1 and type 2 5α-reductase activity by free fatty acids, active ingredients of Permixon. J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol. 82:233–239. Rocha, A., Wang, L., Penichet, M., Martins-Green, M. (2012). Pomegranate juice and specific components inhibit cell and molecular processes critical for metastasis of breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res. Treat. 136:647-658. Roehrborn, C.G. (2011). Male lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Medical Clinics of North America, 95: 87-100. Rohrmann, S., Giovannucci, E., Willett, W.C., Platz, E.A. (2007). Fruit and vegetable consumption, intake of micronutrients and benign prostatic hyperplasia in US men. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 85: 523-529. Siti, K.A., Srijit, D., Ima, N.S., Nor, A.U., Kamsiah, J. (2008). Consumption of repeatedly heated soy oil increases the serum parameter related to atherosclerosis in ovariectomized rats. Tohoku J. Exp. Med. 215:219-226. Torricelli, P., Ferorelli, P., de Martino, A., Antonelli, F., Beninati, S. (2013). Preventive effects of A mixture of micronutrients with antioxida-tive properties on experimentally induced prostate hyperplasia. Am. J. Life Sci. 1: 22-26. Tsai, Y.S., Tong, Y.C., Cheng, J.T., Lee, C.H., Yang, F.S., Lee, H.Y. (2006). Pumpkin seed oil and phytosterol-F can block testosterone/prazosin-induced prostate growth in rats. Urol. Int. 77:269-274. Wang, L., Alcon, A., Yuan, H., Ho, J., Li, Q.J., Martins-Green, M. (2011). Cellular and molecular mechanisms of pomegranate juice induced anti-metastatic effect on prostate cancer cells. Integr. biol. (Camb) 3:742-754. Wang, L., Ho, J., Glackin, C., Martins-Green, M. (2012). Specific pomegranate juice components as potential inhibitors of prostate cancer metastasis. Transl. Oncol. 5:344-355. Wang, L., Martins-Green, M. (2014). Pomegranate and its components as alternative treatment for prostate cancer. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 15:14949-14966. Williams, M.J., Sutherland, W.H., McCornick, M.P., de Jong, S.A., Walker, R.J., Wilkins, G.T. (1999). Impaired endothelial function following a meal rich in used cooking fat. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 33(4):1050-1055.
