Metabolic Syndrome and Inflammation: Exploring the Anti-inflammatory Effects of Therapeutic Lifestyle Modifications

Abstract

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of interconnected disorders that significantly increase the risk of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus, posing a major public health challenge worldwide. A growing body of evidence indicates that inflammation plays a central role in the pathophysiology of MetS, with elevated levels of pro-inflammatory markers strongly associated with its development. Lifestyle interventions, including dietary modifications, physical activity, weight management, and stress reduction, have been shown to reduce inflammation and improve metabolic profiles. In this narrative review, we highlighted current evidence on the effects of lifestyle modifications on key inflammatory mediators, such as cytokines, C-reactive protein (CRP), and adipokines, in adults with MetS. Additionally, we discussed the mechanisms through which these interventions mitigate inflammation and their potential for improving clinical outcomes.