Alteration in Serum Levels of C-Reactive Protein, Circulating Immune Complexes and Neutrophil Phagocytic Activity in Auto-Mechanics Occupationally Exposed to Environmental Pollutants

Abstract

Background: Auto-mechanics are at risk of chemical toxicity due to routine exposure, which may predispose them to immune disorders. Findings from experimental studies revealed that various environmental chemicals can alter immune system components and functions. However, there is limited information on the effects of prolonged exposure to multiple chemicals in automobile workers and its impact on immune function. This study aimed to assess serum levels of circulating immune complexes (CICs), C-reactive protein (CRP), and neutrophil phagocytic activity in auto-mechanics.

Materials and Methods: One hundred (100) male adults comprising 50 auto-mechanics and 50 apparently healthy, age- and sex-matched controls were recruited into this case-control study. Neutrophil phagocytic activity, and serum levels of CRP and CICs were determined using the nitroblue tetrazolium dye reduction test (NBT), immunoturbidimetric and spectrophotometric methods, respectively. P-values less than 0.05 were considered as statistically significant.

Results: The mean serum level of CIC was significantly higher in auto-mechanics (26.0 ± 9.3 µgEq/ml) compared with the controls (19.6 ± 11.8 µgEq/ml). Similarly, the mean serum level of CRP was slightly higher in auto-mechanics (26.2 ± 23.4 mg/l) compared with the controls (18.8 ± 14.9 mg/l). In contrast, phagocytic activity of neutrophils was slightly lower in auto-mechanics (55.3 ± 10.8%) compared with the controls (58.1 ± 6.6%).

Conclusion: Occupational exposure to chemicals altered immune response in auto-mechanics, increasing their risk of developing immune-complex-mediated disorders.