Short-term acute constipation and not short-term acute diarrhea altered cardiovascular variables in male Wistar rats
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54548/njps.v37i1.6Rezumat
Gastrointestinal dysmotility is a substantial public health challenge globally. Based on previous findings in developed countries, it has been observed that there is an association between diarrhea, constipation, and some cardiovascular variables. This study investigated the effects of experimentally-induced short-term acute constipation and short-term acute diarrhea on certain cardiovascular variables in rats. Thirty (30) male Wistar rats (150 -180 g) were divided into three groups; Control, Diarrhoea, and Constipation. The experiment was carried out in 2 phases, the period after induction and the recovery period, and 5 animals per group were used for each phase. The control group received an equivalent amount of distilled water while Diarrhoea and the Constipation group were induced by oral administration of 2ml Castor oil and administration of Loperamide (3mg/kg, b.d, orally x 3 days), respectively. Cardiovascular variables were assessed using the Edan Scientific® Electrocardiography and Heart Rate Variability machine. Recovery was allowed for 4 days after the onset of the procedure and cardiovascular parameters were reassessed. Post-induction Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP), Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP), Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) and Heart Rate (HR) significantly increased in constipated rats (153.2 ± 2.9 mmHg; 109.0 ± 3.7 mmHg; 123.7 ± 3.2 mmHg; 123.4±5.6 bpm) when compared with the control values (95.5±4.8 mmHg; 61.2 ± 3.5 mmHg; 72.6 ± 3.6 mmHg; 72.3 ± 5.2 bpm), respectively. The recovery SBP, DBP, MAP, and Heart Rate in the constipated group remained significantly higher compared to the control. Diarrhea had no significant effect on the parameters determined in both post-induction and recovery phases. The electrical activities did not change in both experimental groups compared to the control. This study revealed increased SBP, DBP, MAP, and HR in short-term acute constipated rats but not so with short-term acute experimental diarrhea
Referințe
Ahmad, A., Sattar, M. A., Rathore, H. A., Abdulla, M. H., Khan, S. A., Azam, M., Abdulla, M. A. & Johns, E.J. (2016). Up regulation of cystathione γ lyase and Hydrogen sulphide in the myocardium inhibits the progression of isoproterenol-caffeine induced left ventricular hypertrophy in wistar kyoto rats. PLoS ONE, 11(3). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0150137
Attaluri, A., Jackson, M., Valestin, J. & Rao, S. S. C. (2010). Methanogenic flora is associated with altered colonic transit but not stool characteristics in constipation without IBS. The American Journal of Gastroenterology, 105(6), 1407–1411. https://doi.org/10.1038/AJG.2009.655
Batty, D. G., Smith, G. D., Fall, C. H. D., Sayer, A. A., Dennison, E., Cooper, C., & Gale, C.R. (2007a). Association of diarrhoea in childhood with blood pressure and coronary heart disease in older age: analyses of two UK cohort studies. International Journal of Epidemiology, 36(6), 1349. https://doi.org/10.1093/IJE/DYM178
Batty, D. G., Smith, G. D., Fall, C. H. D., Sayer, A. A., Dennison, E., Cooper, C. & Gale, C.R. (2007b). Association of diarrhoea in childhood with blood pressure and coronary heart disease in older age: analyses of two UK cohort studies. International Journal of Epidemiology, 36(6), 1349–1355. https://doi.org/10.1093/IJE/DYM178
Batty, G. D., Smith, G. D., Cooper, C. & Gale, C. R. (2008). Diarrhoea in childhood and cause-specific mortality in older age: analyses of 5642 deaths in 33,261 individuals from the Hertfordshire studies. European Journal of Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation,15(4), 494–496. https://doi.org/10.1097/HJR.0B013E3282FFAFFA
Benninga M, Candy D. C., Catto-Smith, A. G., Clayden, G., Loening-Baucke, V., Di Lorenzo, C., Nurko, S. & Staiano, A. (2005). The Paris Consensus on Childhood Constipation Terminology (PACCT) Group. Journal of Pediatrics Gastroenterology and Nutrition, 40 (3), 273–275. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.MPG.0000158071.24327.88
Bern, C., Martines, J., De Zoysa, I. & Glass, R. I. (1992). The magnitude of the global problem of diarrhoeal disease: a ten-year update. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 70 (6), 705. /pmc/articles/PMC2393403/?report=abstract
Berthoud, H. R., Blackshaw, L. A., Brookes, S. J. H. & Grundy, D. (2004). Neuroanatomy of extrinsic afferents supplying the gastrointestinal tract. Neurogastroenterology and Motility, 16 Suppl 1(SUPPL. 1), 28–33. https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1743-3150.2004.00471.X
Bharucha, A. E., Pemberton, J. H. & Locke, G. R. (2013). American Gastroenterological Association technical review on constipation. Gastroenterology, 144 (1), 218–238. https://doi.org/10.1053/J.GASTRO.2012.10.028
Bustos, D., Ogawa, K., Pons, S., Soriano, E., Bandi, J. C. & Bustos Fernández, L. (1991). Effect of loperamide and bisacodyl on intestinal transit time, fecal weight and short chain fatty acid excretion in the rat. Acta Gastroenterologica Latinoamericana, 21(1), 3–9. https://europepmc.org/article/med/1811403
Davey S, G., Leary, S. & Ness, A. (2006). Could dehydration in infancy lead to high blood pressure? J Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 60 (2), 142. https://doi.org/10.1136/JECH.2005.040006
Dennison, C., Prasad, M., Lloyd, A., Bhattacharyya, S. K., Dhawan, R. & Coyne, K. (2005). The health-related quality of life and economic burden of constipation. Pharmacoeconomics, 23(5), 461–476. https://doi.org/10.2165/00019053-200523050-00006
Farraj, A. K., Hazari, M. S. & Cascio, W. E. (2011). The utility of the small rodent electrocardiogram in toxicology. Toxicological sciences, 121(1), 11–30. https://doi.org/10.1093/TOXSCI/KFR021
Fiedoruk, K., Daniluk, T., Rozkiewicz, D., Zaremba, M. L., Oldak, E., Sciepuk, M. & Leszczynska, K . (2015). Conventional and molecular methods in the diagnosis of community-acquired diarrhoea in children under 5 years of age from the north-eastern region of Poland. International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 37, 145–151. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.IJID.2015.06.028
Grover, M., Bernard, C., Pasricha, P. J., Lurken, M., Faussone-Pellegrini, M. S., Smyrk, T. C., Parkman, H.P., Abell, T.L., Snape, W.J., Hasler, W.L., McCallum, R.W., Nguyen, L., Koch, K.L., Calles, J., Lee, L., Tonascia, J., Ünalp-Arida, A., Hamilton, F.A. & Farrugia, G. (2012). Clinical-histological associations in gastroparesis: results from the Gastroparesis Clinical Research Consortium. Neurogastroenterology and Motility. , 24(6). https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1365-2982.2012.01894.X
Guerin, A., Carson, R. T., Lewis, B., Yin, D., Kaminsky, M. & Wu, E. (2014). The economic burden of treatment failure amongst patients with irritable bowel syndrome with constipation or chronic constipation: a retrospective analysis of a Medicaid population. Journal of Medical Economics, 17(8), 577–586. https://doi.org/10.3111/13696998.2014.919926
Hunter, R. J., Patel, V. B., Miell, J. P., Wong, H. J., Marway, J. S., Richardson, P. J. & Preedy, V.R. (2001). Nutrient Metabolism Diarrhea Reduces the Rates of Cardiac Protein Synthesis in Myofibrillar Protein Fractions in Rats In Vivo. Journal of Nutrition, 131(5):1513-9. https://academic.oup.com/jn/article/131/5/1513/4686871
Ishiyama, Y., Hoshide, S., Mizuno, H. & Kario, K. (2019). Constipation-induced pressor effects as triggers for cardiovascular events. Journal of Clinical Hypertension (Greenwich), 21(3), 421–425. https://doi.org/10.1111/JCH.13489
Kim, S. E., Choi, S. C., Park, K. S., Park, M. I., Shin, J. E., Lee, T. H., Jung, K.W., Koo, H.S. & Myung, S.J. (2015). Change of Fecal Flora and Effectiveness of the Short-term VSL#3 Probiotic Treatment in Patients With Functional Constipation. Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility, 21(1), 111. https://doi.org/10.5056/JNM14048
Kotloff, K. L., Nataro, J. P., Blackwelder, W. C., Nasrin, D., Farag, T. H., Panchalingam, S., Wu, Y., Sow, S.O., Sur, D. & Breiman, R.F. (2013). Burden and aetiology of diarrhoeal disease in infants and young children in developing countries (the Global Enteric Multicenter Study, GEMS): a prospective, case-control study. Lancet, 382(9888), 209–222. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(13)60844-2
Lawlor, D. A., Smith, G. D., Mitchell, R. & Ebrahim, S. (2006). Adult Blood Pressure and Climate Conditions in Infancy: A Test of the Hypothesis that Dehydration in Infancy Is Associated with Higher Adult Blood Pressure. American Journal of Epidemiology, 163 (7), 608–614. https://doi.org/10.1093/AJE/KWJ085
Li, Y. J., Li, J. & Dai, C. (2020). The Role of Intestinal Microbiota and Mast Cell in a Rat Model of Visceral Hypersensitivity. Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility, 26(4), 529–538. https://doi.org/10.5056/JNM20004
Mancabelli, L., Milani, C., Lugli, G. A., Turroni, F., Mangifesta, M., Viappiani, A., Ticinesi, A., Nouvenne, A., Meschi, T., Sinderen, D. & Ventura, M. (2017). Unveiling the gut microbiota composition and functionality associated with constipation through metagenomic analyses. Scientific Reports, 7(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-10663-w
Martins, J. de C. S., Mendes, L. S. C. & Duraes, A. R. (2015). Cardiovascular Complications of Gastrointestinal Diseases. Journal of Gastrointestinal & Digestive System, 2015 (06). https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-069X.1000351
Menni, C., Lin, C., Cecelja, M., Mangino, M., Matey-Hernandez, M. L., Keehn, L., Mohney, R.P., Steves, C.J., Spector, T.D., Kuo, C.F., Chowienczyk, P. & Valdes, A.M. (2018). Gut microbial diversity is associated with lower arterial stiffness in women. European Heart Journal, 39(25), 2390a-2397a. https://doi.org/10.1093/EURHEARTJ/EHY226
Mugie, S. M., Benninga, M. A. & Di Lorenzo, C. (2011). Epidemiology of constipation in children and adults: a systematic review. Best Practice & Research Clinical Gastroenterology, 25(1), 3–18. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.BPG.2010.12.010
Pearce, M. S., Relton, C. L., Unwin, N. C., Adamson, A. J. & Smith, G. D. (2008). The relation between diarrhoeal episodes in infancy and both blood pressure and sodium intake in later life: The Newcastle Thousand Families Study. Journal of Human Hypertension, 22 (8), 582–584. https://doi.org/10.1038/JHH.2008.45
Peery, A. F., Crockett, S. D., Barritt, A. S., Dellon, E. S., Eluri, S., Gangarosa, L. M., Jensen, E.T., Lund, J.L., Pasricha, S., Runge, T., Schmidt, M., Shaheen, N.J. & Sandler, R.S. (2015). Burden of Gastrointestinal, Liver, and Pancreatic Diseases in the United States. Gastroenterology, 149(7), 1731. https://doi.org/10.1053/J.GASTRO.2015.08.045
Reed, M. J., Robertson, C. E. & Addison, P. S. (2005). Heart rate variability measurements and the prediction of ventricular arrhythmias. QJM ., 98(2), 87–95. https://doi.org/10.1093/QJMED/HCI018
Salmoirago-Blotcher, E., Crawford, S., Jackson, E., Ockene, J. & Ockene, I. (2011). Constipation and risk of cardiovascular disease among postmenopausal women. The American Journal of Medicine, 124(8), 714–723. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.AMJMED.2011.03.026
Sumida, K., Molnar, M. Z., Potukuchi, P. K., Thomas, F., Lu, J. L., Yamagata, K., Kalantar-Zadeh, K. & Kovesdy, C.P. (2019). Constipation and risk of death and cardiovascular events. Atherosclerosis, 281, 114–120. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ATHEROSCLEROSIS.2018.12.021
Tang, W. H. W., Li, D. Y. & Hazen, S. L. (2019). Dietary metabolism, the gut microbiome, and heart failure. Nature Reviews Cardiology, 16(3), 137–154. https://doi.org/10.1038/S41569-018-0108-7
Troeger, C., Forouzanfar, M., Rao, P. C., Khalil, I., Brown, A., Reiner, R. C., et al., (2017). Estimates of global, regional, and national morbidity, mortality, and aetiologies of diarrhoeal diseases: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015. The Lancet. Infectious diseases, 17(9), 909–948. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(17)30276-1
Vedel, A. G., Holmgaard, F., Rasmussen, L. S., Paulson, O. B., Thomsen, C., Danielsen, E. R., Langkilde, A., Goetze, J.P., Lange, T., Ravn, H.B. & Nilsson, J.C. (2016). Perfusion Pressure Cerebral Infarct (PPCI) trial - the importance of mean arterial pressure during cardiopulmonary bypass to prevent cerebral complications after cardiac surgery: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. Trials, 17(1):247. https://doi.org/10.1186/S13063-016-1373-6
Wang, Z., Klipfell, E., Bennett, B. J., Koeth, R., Levison, B. S., Dugar, B., Feldstein, A.E., Britt, E.B., Fu, X., Chung, Y.M., Wu, Y., Schauer, P., Smith, J.D., Allayee, H., Tang, W.H., DiDonato, J. A., Lusis, A.J. & Hazen, S.L. (2011). Gut flora metabolism of phosphatidylcholine promotes cardiovascular disease. Nature,472 (7341), 57–63. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature09922
Wintola, O. A., Sunmonu, T. O. & Afolayan, A. J. (2010). The effect of Aloe ferox Mill. in the treatment of loperamide-induced constipation in Wistar rats. BMC Gastroenterology 10, 95 http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-230X/10/95
Yang, T., Santisteban, M. M., Rodriguez, V., Li, E., Ahmari, N., Carvajal, J. M., Zadeh, M., Gong, M., Qi, Y., Zubcevic, J., Sahay, B., Pepine, C.J., Raizada, M.K., Mohamadzadeh, M. (2015). Gut dysbiosis is linked to hypertension. Hypertension, 65(6), 1331–1340. https://doi.org/10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.115.05315
Descărcări
Publicat
Număr
Secțiune
Licență
Copyright (c) 2022 Nigerian Journal of Physiological Sciences
Această lucrare este licențiată în temeiul Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
