Effects of Clove and Fermented Ginger on Blood Glucose, Leptin, Insulin and Insulin Receptor Levels in High Fat Diet- Induced Type 2 Diabetic Rabbits
Palabras clave:
Clove, Ginger, Type 2 Diabetes, Leptin and InsulinResumen
Summary: The aimed of this research is to evaluate the effects of clove and fermented ginger supplements on blood glucose, serum insulin, insulin receptor and Leptin levels of high fat diet-induced type 2 diabetes mellitus in rabbits. Clove and ginger are spices with records of medicinal value over decades. Thirty males rabbits weighing, 1–1.5kg were used for the research. Type 2 diabetes was induced by feeding the animals with a high fat diet for a period of eight weeks. Blood glucose levels were determined after the induction period and rabbits having 140 mg/dL and above were selected for the study. The animals were grouped into six groups with five (n=5) rabbits in each group: Group 1 (Normoglycemic control group.) received normal feed and distilled water ad libitum for six weeks; Group 2 (Diabetic negative control group.) received normal feed and distilled water ad libitum for six weeks; Groups 3 (Diabetic positive control.) received cholestran 0.26g/kg and normal feed for a period of six weeks; Group 4 and 5 (diabetic rabbits) were fed on 12.5%, clove and 12.5% fermented ginger respectively for a period of six weeks; while Group 6 were co-fed on 12.5% clove and 12.5% fermented ginger for a period of six weeks. Fasting blood glucose levels were determined at weekly interval during the treatment period. At the end of the experiment, the rabbits were euthanized by cervical dislocation and blood samples were collected for the determination of insulin, insulin receptor and leptin levels. A significantly (P<0.05) decrease in blood glucose levels was recorded in the supplements treated groups compared to diabetic control group. Clove supplement been most effective and sustaining in antihyperglycemic activity, also appears with a significant decreasing effect on leptin levels compared to diabetic control group. A significant increase in insulin levels was also noted in the fermented ginger treated group along with higher levels of Leptin compared as compared to control group. In conclusion the result of the study show that clove and fermented ginger supplementation possesses anti-diabetic properties and may help in the control of hyperleptinaemia in type 2 diabetes.
Referencias
Adams S. S, Imran S, Wang S, Mohammed A, Kok S.(2011) The hypoglycemic effect of Pumpkins as Anti-Diabetic and functional medicines. Food Research International. ;44(4):862-867.
Al-Noory AS, Amreen AN, Hymoor S. (2013) Antihyperlipidemic effects of ginger extracts in alloxan-induced diabetes and propylthiouracil-induced hypothyroidism in (rats). Journal of pharmacognosy Research.;5:157-61.
Arablou, T., Aryaeian, N., Valizadeh, M., Sharifi, F., Hosseini, A. and Djalali, M. (2014). The effect of ginger consumption on glycemic status, lipid profile and some inflammatory markers in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. International Journal of Food Science and Nutrition, 65(4): 515-20.
Ashade O, Adelusi OE, Ligalinusirat A(2013) Histopathological effects of untreated ginger peel (Zingiberofficinale ) fish meal on the intestinal tissue profiling of African Cat fish (Clariasgrariepinus ). International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Studies.;2(2):95-98.
Baxter JD, Webb P(2009) Thyroid hormones mimetics: Potential applications in atherosclerosis, obesity and type 2 diabetes. Nature Reviews Drug Discovery;8(4):308-320.
Bode, M. A. and Dong, Z (2011). The amazing and mighty ginger; Herbal medicine :Biomolecular and clinical aspects 2nd edition at www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK92775.
Buettner R, Scholmerich J, Bollheimer LC(2007). High-fat diets: Modeling the metabolic disorders of human obesity in rodents. Obesity (Silver Spring);15:798-808.
DeMarco VG, Johnson MS, Whaley- Connell AT, Sowers JR(2010). Cytokines abnormalities in the etiology of the cardio-metabolic syndrome. Current Hypertens Rep;12:93-98
Duncan RC, Knapp RG, Miller MC(1977). Test of hypothesis in population means. In: Introductory Biostatistics for the health sciences, John Wiley and Sons Inc. NY.;71-96.
Gabriela, F., Sonia, P., David, G., Carlos, D. and Sulay, T. (2015). Leptin, 20 years of searching for glucose homeostasis, Life Science,Vol 140(4) pp 4-9
Han, D., Hancock, C., Jung, S., and Holloszy, O. J. (2009). Is “fat-induced” muscle insulin resistance rapidly reversible?.American Journal of Physiology- Endocrinology and Metabolism, 297(1): 236-241
Hyun, J. H., Wonyoung, K., Dae, H. L., Youngjae, L. and Chang-Hoon, H. (2014). Effects of resveratrol on the insulin signaling pathway of obese mice. Journal of Veterinary Science, 15(2): 179-185.
Jimoh A, Tanko Y, Ahmed A, Mohammed A, Ayo JO(2015). Protective effect of resveratrol co-administered with high fat diet on blood glucose homeostasis and thyroid function in rabbits. Cell Biology.;3,1,19-24.
Kamohara , S., Burcelin,R., Halaas, J.I., Friedman, J.M., and Charron M.J., (1997), Acute stimulation of glucose metabolism in mice by leptin treatment, Nature 389 (6649): 374-377.
Keaney J. F, Larson MG, Vasan RS(2003). Obesity and systemic oxidative stress: Clinical correlates of
oxidative stress in the Framingham study. Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis Vascular Biology.;23: 434-439.
Khan, A., Qadir, S. S., Khattak, K. N. D. and Anderson, R. A. (2006), Clove improve glucose, cholesterol and triglycerides of people with type 2 diabetes mellitus, Federation of American Society of experimental biology journal, 20: A990.
Kuroda, M.1., Mimaki, Y., Ohtomo, T., Yamada, J., Nishiyama, T., Mae, T., Kishida, H., and Kawada, T., (2012), Hypoglycemic effects of clove (aromaticum flower buds) on genetically diabetic KK-Ay mice and identification of the active ingredients. Journal of Natural Medicine, 66(2): 394-399.
Mozaffari-Khosravi, H., Talaei, B., Jalali, B. A., Najarzadeh, A. and Mozayan, M. R. (2014). The effect of ginger powder supplementation on insulin resistance and glycemic indices in patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Complementary Therapies in Medicine, 22(1):9-16.
Nafiseh, K., Farzad, S., Asadolla, R., Tayebeh, R., Payam, H. and Mohsen m T. (2015). the effects of ginger on fasting blood sugar, hemoglobin A1c, Apolipoprotein B, Apolipoprotein A-1 and malondialdehyde in type 2 diabetes patients. Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 14(1): 131-140.
Otani H. (2011) Oxidative stress as pathogenesis of cardiovascular risk associated with metabolic syndrome. Antioxidant Redox Signal.;15:1911-1926.
Rheney CC, Kurk KK(2000). Performance of three blood glucose meters. Annals of Pharmacotherapy.;34(3):317-321.
Schmidt, S. D., Mazzella, M. J., Nixon, R. A. and Mathews, P. M. (2012). Aβ measurement by enzyme- linked immunosorbent assay. Methods in Molecular Biology, 849: 507–527
Supale S, Li N, Brun T, Maechler P(2012). Mitochondrial dysfunction in pancreatic β- cells. Trends in Endocrinol and Metab;23(9):477-478. 5.
Tang C, Naassan AE, Chamson- Reig A, Konlajian K, Goh TT(2013). Susceptibility to fatty acid-induced β-cell dysfunction is enhanced in prediabetic diabetes-prone biobreeding rats: A potential link between β-cell lipotoxicity and islet inflammation. Endocrine.;154:89-101.
Trinder P (1969) Determination of glucose in blood glucose oxidase with alternative oxgenase receptor. Annals of Clinical Biochemistry;6-24
Descargas
Publicado
Número
Sección
Licencia
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0.
