Non cholinergic dependent mechanism of Ocimum gratissimum induced neurobehavioural alterations in mice.
Abstract
Background: This study investigated the mechanism of Ocimum gratissimum induced neurobehavioural alterations in mice. The plant is widely consumed in most parts of the world including Nigeria where it is used as a spice and phytomedicine by alternate medical practitioners.
Methods: The animals were divided into three groups of six mice each. Control and Ocimum gratissum treated mice were subjected to the hole- board, light/dark box, elevated plus maze and open field tests. The third group had an intraperitoneal (i.p) injection of the cholinergic receptor antagonist, atropine (3mg/kg) forty –five minutes prior to oral Ocimum gratissimum administration before the neurobehavioural assay one hour later.
Results: The results showed that Ocimum gratissimum administration significantly reduced the number of head dips in the hole board test (p<0.01), so also were the frequencies of locomotion (p<0.001), rearing (p<0.05) and grooming (p<0.01) compared with control. In the light/dark board test, the time spent in the light arena and the number of entries were significantly (p<0.001) reduced compared with the control, while in the elevated plus maize test, the time spent in the closed arm increased significantly (p<0.01) when compared with control values. The values obtained when the animals were pre-treated with atropine (3mg/kg) before the administration of Ocimum gratissimum showed no significant difference from those observed without the cholinergic blocker in all the four neurobehavioural tests.
Conclusion: These results ruled out any significant participation of the cholinergic system in Ocimumm gratissimum induced neurobehavioural alterations in mice .
Keywords : Ocimum gratissimum , neurobehaviour, cholinergic mechanism and sedation .
Résumé
Contexte: Cette étude a examiné le mécanisme d’altérations neurocomportementales induites par l’Ocimum gratissimum chez les souris. La plante est largement consommée dans la plupart des régions du monde y compris le Nigeria où il est utilisé comme épice et phytomédecine par des médecins suppléants.
Méthodes: Les animaux ont été divisés en trois groupes de six souris chacun. Les souris de contrôle et celles traitées avec Ocimum gratissimum ont été soumises aux essais de la planche à trou, la boîte éclairée / noire, le labyrinthe surélevé et celui du plein champ. Le troisième groupe avait une injection intra-péritonéale (i.p) de l’antagoniste du récepteur cholinergique, l’atropine (3 mg / kg) quarante -cinq minutes avant l’administration par voie orale d’Ocimum gratissimum avant le dosage neurocomportementale une heure plus tard.
Résultats: Les résultats ont montré que l’administration d’Ocimum gratissimum a considérablement réduit le nombre de tête plongée dans le test de la planche à trou (p <0,01), aussi étaient les fréquences de locomotion (p <0,001), d’élevage (p <0,05) et de pansage (p <0,01) par rapport au témoin. Dans le test de la boîte éclairée / noire, le temps passé dans l’endroit éclairé et le nombre d’entrées étaient significativement (p <0,001) réduite par rapport au témoin, tandis que dans le test du labyrinthe surélevé, le temps passé dans le bras fermé a augmenté de manière significative (p <0,01) par rapport aux valeurs des témoins. Les valeurs obtenues lorsque les animaux ont été prétraités avec de l’atropine (3 mg / kg) avant l’administration d’Ocimum gratissimum n’ont montré aucune différence significative de celles observées sans le bloqueur cholinergique dans tous les quatre tests neurocomportementaux.
Conclusion: Ces résultats exclu toute participation significative du système cholinergique dans les altérations neurocomportementales induites par l’Ocimum gratissimum chez les souris.
Mots-clés: Ocimum gratissimum, neurocomportemental, mécanisme et sédation cholinergique.
Correspondence: Dr. G.F. Ibironke, Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Unversity of Ibadan, Nigeria. Email: gibironk@yahoo.com
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