Rezumat
Background: This study was undertaken to determine changes induced by protein malnutrition (kwashiorkor) in
the secretory functions of salivary glands and biochemical parameters of salivary fluid using rats.
Methods: Eighteen male Wistar rats were randomly divided into two groups (control and kwarshiorkor) of 9 rats each. The rats were fed with normal diet and low protein diet (2% protein) respectively for a period of 6 weeks. Stimulated saliva samples using pilocarpine (10mg/kg body weight i.p.) were collected and salivary glands (parotid and submandibular) were surgically removed. Biochemical analysis of salivary secretion using salivary lag time, flow rate, pH, total protein and concentrations of electrolytes (Na+ , K+ , Ca++, Cl- , HCO2- 3, PO4 ) were
conducted and compared. Morphological assessment of the salivary glands was done using heamatoxyline-eosin and Alcian blue stains.
Results: Body weights decreased in the kwashiorkor group. Weights of submandibular and parotid glands (right and left) were lower in the kwashiorkor group compared to the normal diet group. The mean salivary lag time was increased while the salivary flow rate was reduced in the kwashi orkor group compared to normal diet group. Salivary electrolytes and total protein analysis showed reduced concentration of sodium while potassium and bicarbonate concentrations were increased in the kwashiorkor group compared to the normal diet group. Histological analysis of the H–E and alcian blue stained salivary glands in the kwashiorkor group exhibited moderate to severe acinar cell atrophy, periductal fibrosis and reduced mucin content.
Conclusion: These findings suggest the role of functional and biochemical changes in salivary secretion in the pathophysiology of oral diseases associated with protein malnutrition.
Keywords: Kwashiorkor; protein malnutrition; salivary glands; salivary lag time; salivary flow rate, rats
Résumé
Contexte: Cette étude a été entreprise pour déterminer les changements induits par la malnutrition protéique (kwashiorkor) dans les fonctions de sécrétion des glandes salivaires et les paramètres biochimiques de fluide salivaire en utilisant des rats.
Méthode: Dix-huit rats Wistar mâles ont été divisés au hasard en deux groupes de 9 rats chacun (contrôle et kwashiorkor). Les rats ont été nourris avec un régime alimentaire de régime normal en protéines et de régime faible en protéines (protéine 2%), respectivement, pour une période de 6 semaines. Des échantillons de salive stimulée en utilisant la pilocarpine (10 mg / kg de poids corporel i.p.) ont été recueillies et les glandes salivaires (parotides et sous-maxillaires) ont été enlevées chirurgicalement. L’analyse biochimique de la sécrétion salivaire utilisant le temps de latence salivaire, débit, pH, protéines totales et les concentrations d’électrolytes (Na +, K +, Ca ++, Cl-, HCO2-3, PO4) ont été réalisées et comparées. L’évaluation morphologique des glandes salivaires a été effectuée à l’aide d’hématoxyline-éosine et de taches Alcian bleues.
Résultats: Le poids corporel a diminué dans le groupe de kwashiorkor. Poids des glandes sous-maxillaires et parotides (droite et gauche) étaient plus faibles dans le groupe de kwashiorkor par rapport au groupe de régime alimentaire normal. Le temps moyen de latence salivaire a augmenté tandis que le taux de flux salivaire a été réduit dans le groupe de kwashiorkor par rapport au groupe de régime alimentaire normal. Les électrolytes salivaires et l’analyse de protéines totales ont montré une réduction en concentration de sodium tandis que les concentrations de potassium et de bicarbonate ont étéaugmentéesdanslegroupekwashi orkorparrapport aug roupederégi me ali mentairenormal.L’analysehi st ologi quedel’H–Eetde tachesAlci anbleuesdesglandessali vai resdanslegroupe dekwashi orkoront exposéesuneatrophi edes cellulesaci neuses allantdemodérée àsévère,fi brosepéri –canal et contenue rédui te en muci ne.
Conclusion: Ces résultats suggèrent le rôle des changements fonctionnels et biochimiques en sécrétion salivaire dans la physiopathologie des maladies buccales associées à la malnutrition protéique.
Mots-clés: kwashiorkor; malnutrition en protéines; glandes salivaires; temps de latence salivaires; débit salivaire, rats
Correspondence: Dr. Taye J. Lasisi, Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Email: jameelahlasisi@yahoo.com
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