Nigerian Journal of Physiological Sciences
type: channel
description: Nigerian Journal of Physiological Sciences (Niger. J. Physiol. Sci.) is a biannual publication of the Physiological Society of Nigeria. It covers diverse areas of research in physiological sciences, publishing reviews in current research areas and original laboratory and clinical research in physiological sciences.
publisher: Physiological Society of Nigeria
language: sl
publication name: Nigerian Journal of Physiological Sciences
issn: 0794-859X
items: Improving the Narrative: A New Era Begins
items: Beyond Repeats: Intragenic Variants in FMR1 and Their Contribution to Fragile X Syndrome Pathogenesis
items: Chronic Humidity and Nasal Mucosal Dysfunction in Tropical Climates: Implications for Sinonasal Health in Sub-Saharan Africa and the Developing World — A Systematic Review
items: ABSTRACTS OF THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE XLIIND ANNUAL SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCE OF THE PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF NIGERIA
items: Introducing Prof. B.V. Owoyele, New Editor-in-Chief, Nigerian Journal of Physiological Sciences
items: Prevalence and Correlates of Erectile Dysfunction: A Comparative Study of Adult Hypertensive Patients in an Outpatient Clinic, South East Nigeria
items: Prevalence of (Pre)Hypertension and Correlations between Blood Pressures and Obesity in a Lean Population of Adults from the Old Eastern Region of Nigeria
items: Comparative Effects of Fucoidan and Papain on Biliary Flow Rate and Electrolytes in Wistar Rats
items: Raw garlic homogenate ameliorates cardiometabolic effect of high caloric intake in Wistar rats
items: In Silico Exploration of Antimalarial Potential of Ethanolic Leaf Extract of Heliotropium indicum
items: Methanol Leaf Extract of Azadirachta Indica Attenuates Lead Acetate-Induced Cardiorenal Toxicity in Rats
items: A novel gedunin-2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin inclusion complex improves anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of gedunin in rodents
items: Essential Metals in the Brain and the Application of Laser Ablation-Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry for their Detection
items: The Effect of Acute Administration of the Aqueous Calyx Extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa on Blood pressure, Heart rate and Double Product of Apparently Healthy Human Subjects during Different Postures
items: Effect of Angiotensin receptor blockade on Plasma Osmolality and Neurohumoral Responses to High Environmental Temperature in Rats Fed a High Salt Diet
items: Physiological Changes in Serum Calcium, Phosphate, Vitamin D, Parathyroid Hormone and Calcitonin During Pregnancy and Lactation in Randomised Population of Zaria Women
items: Effects of Ruzu, a Polyherbal Mixture, on Neurobehaviour and Expression of Serotonin and Dopamine Transporters in Rats
items: Age-Dependent Effects of Copper Toxicity on Connective Tissue Structural Stability in Wistar Rats Skin
items: Changes in Serum Electrolytes, Urea and Creatinine in Nicotiana tabacum-treated Rats
items: Skull Shape Variations in the Eidolon helvum (African Fruit Bat) Based on Geographical Location
items: Hypoglycemic, Hypolipidemic and Antioxidant Potentials of Ethanolic Stem Bark Extract of Anacardium occidentale in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats
items: Ethanolic extract of Camellia sinensise licited hypoglycemic but lacked antimalarial properties in Plasmodium berghei-infected diabetic mice
items: Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor captopril prevents neuronal overexpression of amyloid-beta and alpha-synuclein in Drosophila melanogaster genetic models of neurodegenerative diseases
items: Gestational Nutrition as a Predisposing Factor to Obesity Onset in Offspring: Role for Involvement of Epigenetic Mechanism
items: Teratogenic Effect of Aqueous Leaf Extract of Aspilia africana on The Dentate Gyrus of Wistar Rat Fetuses
items: Glycated Haemogloin, Fasting Plasma Glucose, Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor Type-1, and Soluble Thrombomodulin Levels in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
items: https://ojshostng.com/index.php/njphysiologicalsciences/sl/article/view/1476
items: Ficus vogelii methanol leaf extract ameliorates inflammation and arthritis by modulating osmotic fragility in C57BL/6J mice
items: Aquoeus Extracts of Daucus Carota (Linn) Protected the Postnatal Developing Cerebellum of Wistar Rats Against Arsenic-Induced Oxidative Stress
items: Protective Effect of Vitamin E Against Mobile Phone–Induced Oxidative Stress and Neuronal Injury in Rats

Improving the Narrative: A New Era Begins
type: item
description: A welcome message from the new Editor-in-Chief, Prof. B.V. Oyewole
subject: Editorial
  topic: section
creator: Bamidele Victor Owoyele
rights: Avtorske pravice (c) 2026 Nigerian Journal of Physiological Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-06-30
publication date: 2026-06-30
starting page: v
ending page: v
doi: 10.54548/

Beyond Repeats: Intragenic Variants in FMR1 and Their Contribution to Fragile X Syndrome Pathogenesis
type: item
description: Fragile X Syndrome (FXS), the most common inherited cause of intellectual disability, is typically caused by expansion of a CGG triplet repeat in the 5′ untranslated region (5′-UTR) of the FMR1 gene. Growing evidence indicates that intragenic mutations in FMR1, including single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) and structural changes, can also alter FMR1 function without the classical pathogenic expansion of CGG repeats. This study re-analysed publicly available next-generation sequencing (NGS) data from BioProject PRJNA745542 using a reproducible Galaxy-based bioinformatics workflow to identify non-repeat intragenic FMR1 variants. Of 18 available datasets, 11 paired-end Illumina samples passing quality control (Phred > 30) were analysed for non-repeat intragenic FMR1 variants. Ninety-one unique variants were identified: 61 single-nucleotide variants (SNVs), 26 insertions/deletions (indels), three mixed (complex) variants, and one multi-nucleotide polymorphism (MNP), producing 1,107 predicted gene effects. SnpEff predicted sixteen variants to have high or moderate impact, predominantly within the KH1 and KH2 RNA-binding domains of FMRP. Most predicted effects (94.3%) were intronic or non-coding, suggesting a possible regulatory role in the expression or processing of FMR1 transcripts. These preliminary findings warrant validation in larger cohorts of subjects with verified disease status. High-impact KH-domain variants are predicted to disrupt hydrogen bonding required for FMRP RNA-binding and mRNA transport. This study extends the known mutation spectrum of FMR1 and supports the development of comprehensive NGS-based diagnostic assays that combine intragenic SNV and indel detection with quantitative CGG repeat analysis. Further studies using cellular or animal models are needed to validate the candidate variants identified and their potential role in Fragile X syndrome pathogenesis
subject: Full Length Research Articles
  topic: section
creator: Abayomi Latunji
rights: Avtorske pravice (c) 2026 Nigerian Journal of Physiological Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-06-30
publication date: 2026-06-30
starting page: 123
ending page: 132
doi: 10.54548/

Chronic Humidity and Nasal Mucosal Dysfunction in Tropical Climates: Implications for Sinonasal Health in Sub-Saharan Africa and the Developing World — A Systematic Review
type: item
description: The nasal mucosa is the primary defense mechanism of the upper respiratory tract. Its functionality relies heavily on the intricate balance of mucociliary clearance (MCC), mucosal hydration, epithelial tight junction integrity, and local immunological responses. While the detrimental physiological effects of low humidity and cold temperatures on nasal function are extensively documented in the literature, the physiological and pathological impacts of chronic exposure to high relative humidity (RH) and high temperatures—the defining characteristics of tropical and equatorial climates—remain significantly underrepresented and poorly synthesised. Given that approximately 40% of the global population lives in these climate zones, understanding these mechanisms is of paramount importance to global health. This evidence gap is particularly critical for sub-Saharan Africa, where sinonasal disorders constitute a significant and underappreciated component of the otolaryngological disease burden, yet region-specific clinical guidelines remain largely absent. Compounding this, rapid urbanisation across African and Asian tropical cities is accelerating the adoption of air-conditioning, creating novel patterns of indoor–outdoor micro-climatic exposure that may be fundamentally altering the epidemiology of chronic rhinitis. This systematic review aims to comprehensively evaluate the correlation between high ambient humidity in tropical climates and nasal mucosal function. The primary endpoints include mucociliary clearance times, ciliary beat frequency (CBF), mucus rheology (viscoelasticity), epithelial barrier integrity, and the epidemiological prevalence of specific sinonasal disorders such as tropical allergic rhinitis and non-allergic vasomotor rhinitis. A rigorous systematic literature search was conducted in strict adherence to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The search spanned PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and t…
subject: Review Articles
  topic: section
creator: Shuaib Aremu
rights: Avtorske pravice (c) 2026 Nigerian Journal of Physiological Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-06-30
publication date: 2026-06-30
starting page: 1
ending page: 8
doi: 10.54548/

ABSTRACTS OF THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE XLIIND ANNUAL SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCE OF THE PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF NIGERIA
type: item
description: Abstracts of The Proceedings of the Forty-second Annual Scientific Conference of the Physiological Society of Nigeria held between Thursday, 25th and Friday, 26th September 2025, at the College of Medicine, University of Lagos. Lagos State. Nigeria
subject: Conference Proceedings
  topic: section
rights: Avtorske pravice (c) 2025 Nigerian Journal of Physiological Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-31
publication date: 2025-12-31
ending page: k
doi: 10.54548/

Introducing Prof. B.V. Owoyele, New Editor-in-Chief, Nigerian Journal of Physiological Sciences
type: item
description: The Editorial Board of the Nigerian Journal of Physiological Sciences (NJPS) is pleased to announce the appointment of Professor Bamidele Victor Owoyele as the new Editor-in-Chief of the Journal.
subject: Editorial
  topic: section
creator: Samuel B. Olaleye
rights: Avtorske pravice (c) 2025 Nigerian Journal of Physiological Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-12
publication date: 2026-04-12
starting page: v
ending page: v
doi: 10.54548/

Prevalence and Correlates of Erectile Dysfunction: A Comparative Study of Adult Hypertensive Patients in an Outpatient Clinic, South East Nigeria
type: item
description: <a href="Background: There has been an increase in the prevalence of erectile dysfunction (ED) in the general population especially among hypertensive patients. This seems to be neglected problem in low-income countries especially our environment with huge attendance consequences. Measures to address the risk factors are advocated as to reduce the burden of the disease and its financial impact on the economy. It is an important public health problem by the National Institute of Health Consensus Development Conference Panel. It has been found to be more associated with chronic medical conditions such as hypertension and diabetes mellitus. Objectives: This study assessed erectile dysfunction and its associated risk factors among adult hypertensive patients attending a tertiary care centre, with a view to screening for erectile dysfunction, advocating for lifestyle modification in order to reduce the burden of the disease. Methods: It was a hospital-based cross-sectional comparative design which involved two hundred and thirty-six adult male patients recruited via a systematic random sampling technique. Data collection was done using a semi-structured researcher-administered pretested questionnaire to obtain information on the socio-demographic characteristics, past medical history, behavioural characteristics, clinical assessment and erectile dysfunction assessment using Sexual Health Inventory for Men (SHIM). Data was analyzed with SPSS (version 23). Chi square test, fisher’s test and logistic regression were used for analysis. Results: The mean age of respondents was 42.1±15.17 years. Out of the 41.1% young age category; 40.7% and 41.5% were hypertensive and non-hypertensive respectively. An overall prevalence of erectile dysfunction of 44.1% with higher prevalence in hypertensive (54.2%) than non-hypertensive (33.9%) respondents was noted. There was a significant difference when ED was compared in the two groups (hypertensive and non-hypertensive) (p<0.05). The stu…
subject: Full Length Research Articles
  topic: section
creator: malachy chigozie Nwafor
creator: augustine obiora ikwudimma
creator: chijioke stanley anyigor-ogah
creator: idika mba idika
creator: ifeyinwa nneka umezurike
creator: benjamin ikechukwu umezurike
creator: ikechukwu henry amazue
creator: ikechukwu aloh ogah
creator: chidi vincent okeke
creator: chukwuemeka mbam ovuoba
creator: agatha nkechinyere ekechi
creator: chibueze ogbodo nweke
rights: Avtorske pravice (c) 2026 Nigerian Journal of Physiological Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-06-30
publication date: 2026-06-30
starting page: 29
ending page: 36
doi: 10.54548/

Prevalence of (Pre)Hypertension and Correlations between Blood Pressures and Obesity in a Lean Population of Adults from the Old Eastern Region of Nigeria
type: item
description: Hypertension is a prevalent disease globally and its prevalence is rising in sub-Saharan Africa. Urban-rural differences in the prevalence of hypertension are under-reported in Nigeria. Though hypertension is known to be related to obesity, the nature of the relationship is still unclear. This study sought to interrogate these and thus enrolled a total of 1,755 subjects (59% females) from five states in the old Eastern Region of Nigeria. Standard protocols and definitions were used to take measurements and diagnose relevant disease states. Appropriate statistical tools were used for data analysis. The results indicate that prehypertension was found in 40.0% of males and 27.5% of females while hypertension was found in 19.1% of males and 18.6% of females. The prevalence of (pre)hypertension among urban and rural males were similar (19%). However, prehypertension was more prevalent among urban females (29.1% Vs 24.3%); while hypertension was more prevalent among rural females (21.9% Vs 17.1%). SBP was found to be positively and significantly correlated with weight, waist circumference, hip circumference, waist-to-height ratio and body mass index in the general population. When disaggregated based on blood pressure phenotypes, the correlations were found to be consistent mostly among normotensive subjects and among females. Among subjects with (pre)hypertension, the correlations varied in strength and direction depending on sex and measure of adiposity used. The urban-rural difference in the prevalence of hypertension and the relationship between hypertension and obesity are not linear.
subject: Full Length Research Articles
  topic: section
creator: Ifeoma Ijeh
creator: Chidnma Ikewuchi
creator: Chibuzor Okonkwo
creator: Ugochukwu Onyeonoro
creator: Ugochukwu Ezeani
creator: Anthony Nnamudi
creator: Charles Osodeke
creator: Chiamaka Ikechi
creator: Nnaemeka Nwawuba
creator: Okwunna Ikwuazom
creator: Chukwunonso Ejike
rights: Avtorske pravice (c) 2026 Nigerian Journal of Physiological Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-06-30
publication date: 2026-06-30
starting page: 17
ending page: 27
doi: 10.54548/

Comparative Effects of Fucoidan and Papain on Biliary Flow Rate and Electrolytes in Wistar Rats
type: item
description: Papain and Fucoidan are extracted enzymes that have gained recognition across food industry, pharmaceutical and digestive applications, but their comparative effects on Biliary flow rate and electrolytes are not known. Hence, this study compared the effects of papain and fucoidan on Biliary flow rate and electrolytes. Twenty (20) male albino Wistar rats weighing between 100g and 150g were divided into 4 groups of 5 animals each as follows: Group I (Control group) were administered normal saline and had access to food and water ad libitum. Group II (Papain group) were administered with 800mg/kg body weight of the stock solution of papain and were allowed free access to food and water. Group III (Fucoidan group) was given 800mg/kg body weight of the stock solution of fucoidan plus food and water. Group IV (Metoclopramide group) was administered with 30mg/kg body weight of Metoclopramide stock solution plus food and water ad libitum. The administration lasted for a duration of 28 days. Bile was collected from the liver (hepatic duct) and was analyzed for bile flow rate and its composition. The results showed that papain significantly increased biliary sodium and chloride, reduced bicarbonate levels, and had no significant effect on bile flow rate compared to the control group. Fucoidan significant effect on Biliary sodium, chloride and bile flow rate when compared to the control group. These results conclude that the two compounds have regulatory, but not stimulatory effects on biliary secretion, which proves their hepatoprotective and stabilising effects. Keywords: fucoidan, Papain, bile flow rate, biliary electrolyte. Short running title: Modulation of Fucoidan and Papain on Biliary Parameter.
subject: Full Length Research Articles
  topic: section
creator: IRENE Atim
creator: Polycarp Adie
creator: Minafuro Okwejie Chijindu
creator: John Atambell
creator: Sam Uquetan Uquetan
creator: Jessica Nzeadibe
creator: Paulica Obi Muji-Wan
creator: Ememfon Inyang Gabriel1
creator: Exploit Chukwuka Ezinne
rights: Avtorske pravice (c) 2026 Nigerian Journal of Physiological Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-06-30
publication date: 2026-06-30
starting page: 101
ending page: 106
doi: 10.54548/

Raw garlic homogenate ameliorates cardiometabolic effect of high caloric intake in Wistar rats
type: item
description: Fructose consumption has tremendously increased due to increased consumption of sweeteners in beverages, and this has been suggested to increase caloric intake. Higher caloric intake had been linked with diverse health consequences such as obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Garlic (Allium sativum) has also been reported to be protective against adverse dietary effects. We hypothesized that increased caloric intake via sweetened drinks can cause hemorheologic, haematopoietic, nutritional, and metabolic derangements and that raw garlic homogenate consumption can mitigate these adverse effects. Therefore, we investigated the effects of increased caloric intake via sweetened drink as well as examined the potentials of raw garlic homogenate (RGH) to ameliorate such effects in Wistar rats. Twenty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups (n=5): Control, Fructose (F) given fructose sweetened drink (FSD), Allium Sativum (AS) given raw garlic homogenate (RGH) (250 mg/kg/day) and F+AS given FSD and RGH (250 mg/kg/day) for nine weeks. Energy intake, haematopoiesis, metabolic risk factors, hemorheologic variables, fluid intake, liver enzymes and serum proteins were significantly increased by increased caloric intake via FSD consumption, however, RGH mitigated these effects in treated rats as observed from comparison between groups F and F+AS rats. The findings of this study revealed the fact that sugar sweetened beverages can increase caloric intake tremendously, even in the face of significantly reduced food intake and that RGH can ameliorate the adverse effects induced by high caloric intake in Wistar rats.
subject: Full Length Research Articles
  topic: section
creator: Emmanuel ADEMILUSI
creator: Abodunrin Ojetola
creator: Olasunkanmi Ademilusi
creator: Jerome Asiwe
creator: Adesoji Fasanmade
rights: Avtorske pravice (c) 2025 Nigerian Journal of Physiological Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-31
publication date: 2025-12-31
starting page: 263
ending page: 269
doi: 10.54548/njps.v40i2.7

In Silico Exploration of Antimalarial Potential of Ethanolic Leaf Extract of Heliotropium indicum
type: item
description: ABSTRACT Heliotropium indicum, commonly known as Indian heliotrope, is a member of the family Boraginaceae, and possessed array of ethnomedicinal usefulness. The objective of this study was to computationally investigate phytochemical constituents, pharmacokinetics and binding dynamics of ethanolic leaf extract of H. indicum with key molecular targets relevant to malaria. The method used are pharmacokinetics prediction, target prediction, and molecular docking. The results showed twenty-nine (29) identified constituents of which some are poorly soluble and have low gastrointestinal absorption (GIA) and others soluble with high GIA and could permeate the blood brain barrier (BBB). The molecular docking results showed that eicosane have the highest binding affinity for Enoyl- acyl-carrier protein (ACP) reductase (-7.363 kcal.mol-1), followed by 3-oxoacyl-ACP reductase (-7.012 kcal.mol-1), and beta-hydroxyacyl-ACP dehydratase (-6.295 kcal.mol-1), while Nonadecane has binding affinity of -5.048 kcal.mol-1 for Heat shock protein 90; 2-(Pentyloxycarbonyl) benzoic acid has binding affinity of -5.375 kcal.mol-1 for cysteine protease falcipain-3, and 4-Methoxyanthranilic acid has binding affinity of -5.667 kcal.mol-1 for M17 leucyl aminopeptidase. Overall, this study showed that nonadecane, 1-chlorononadecane, eicosane, 2-(Pentyloxycarbonyl) benzoic acid, and 4-Methoxyanthranilic acid, are the five most active constituents of ethanolic leaves extract of H. indicum; targeting key proteins in P. falciparum. In conclusion, ethanolic leaves extract of H. indicum plant has potential antimalarial properties. However, further in vivo and in vitro studies are required to validate the claims of this study in order to established therapeutic efficacy of active compounds of ethanolic leaves extract of H. indicum that are directly responsible for its antimalarial properties. Keywords: Heliotropium indicum, phytochemicals, pharmacokinetics, Plasmodium falciparum, Enoyl-ACP reductase, M17…
subject: Full Length Research Articles
  topic: section
creator: Bolanle Christianah Faleye
creator: , Fisayo Abraham Bamisaye
creator: Toluwase Hezekiah Fatoki
creator: Rasaq Olawale Ajuwon
rights: Avtorske pravice (c) 2026 Nigerian Journal of Physiological Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-06-30
publication date: 2026-06-30
starting page: 83
ending page: 91
doi: 10.54548/

Methanol Leaf Extract of Azadirachta Indica Attenuates Lead Acetate-Induced Cardiorenal Toxicity in Rats
type: item
description: The toxic effect of lead on heart and kidney tissues has been associated with its ability to cause oxidative stress. Azadirachta indica is a versatile medicinal plant with diverse pharmacological potentials. The ameliorative effect of the methanol extract of Azadirachta indica leaf (MEAI) was studied on male Wistar rats exposed to lead acetate (PbAc). Preliminary assays were carried out to assess the total phenolic, total flavonoid, and total flavonol contents of the extract using quantitative phytochemical assays. Cytotoxicity was tested on Vero cells using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide [MTT] assay. Wistar rats were grouped into control, toxicant, and treated groups and administered distilled water, 0.1/0.2% PbAc, and 0.1/0.2% PbAc + 100/200 mg/kg MEAI respectively. Results showed that the total phenolic content of MEAI was negligible while the flavonoid (300±0.12 mg Quercetin/g) and flavonol (80±0.06 mg Rutin/g) contents were significant. LC50 value of MEAI was 0.05 mg/mL. MEAI significantly (p<0.05) increased weight, reduced blood pressure, and increased blood flow/volume in the treated groups. There was significant (p<0.05) reduction in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and significant (p<0.05) increase in Nitric oxide (NO) in some of the treated groups. Histopathology revealed that MEAI reduced the infiltration of inflammatory cells in the heart and kidney tissues of the treated groups when compared to those of the lead-exposed untreated groups. There were variations in the expression of cytochrome C in the heart and kidney tissues of the experimental groups compared with the control. This study demonstrates MEAI as a potential drug candidate in the amelioration of lead acetate-induced cardiorenal toxicity by inhibition of oxidative stress, inflammation and by regulating apoptosis.
subject: Full Length Research Articles
  topic: section
creator: Temitayo AdeyeOluwa
creator: Ademola Oyagbemi
creator: Adeolu Adedapo
creator: Anofi Ashafa
creator: Temidayo Omobowale
rights: Avtorske pravice (c) 2025 Nigerian Journal of Physiological Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-31
publication date: 2025-12-31
starting page: 271
ending page: 282
doi: 10.54548/njps.v40i2.8

A novel gedunin-2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin inclusion complex improves anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of gedunin in rodents
type: item
description: Gedunin is a bioactive compound, obtained from Entandrophragma angolense (EA), which has limited therapeutic usefulness due to poor aqueous solubility and first-pass effects. Cyclodextrins are cyclic oligosaccharides that form complexes with poorly soluble compounds, thus enhancing their pharmacological activity. In this article, we evaluated the pharmacological activities of gedunin-2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin complex (GCD) in rodents. The antinociceptive activity of GCD (50, 100, 200 mg/kg) and Gedunin (50mg/kg) was tested in acetic acid-induced writhing and formalin-induced paw licking in mice. The anti-inflammatory activity was investigated in carrageenan-induced paw oedema and air pouch inflammation models in rats. Leucocytes counts, Tumour Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α) level, nitric oxide, malondialdehyde, reduced glutathione, and myeloperoxidase enzyme activities were assessed in the air pouch exudate. The GCD (200mg/kg) significantly decreased writhing response, reduced licking duration and decreased oedema compared with gedunin and control. Exudate volume and leucocyte count were significantly reduced by GCD (200 mg/kg), it decreased myeloperoxidase activity and inhibited TNF-α release. The carrageenan-induced GSH depletion, increased malondialdehyde and nitrite levels were significantly reversed by GCD (200 mg/kg) relative to gedunin and control. The GCD complex demonstrated significant antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities relative to gedunin alone via mechanisms associated with inhibition of oxidative stress and inflammation in rodents
subject: Full Length Research Articles
  topic: section
creator: Mary Olufunmilayo Ologe
rights: Avtorske pravice (c) 2022 Nigerian Journal of Physiological Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2022-06-30
publication date: 2022-06-30
starting page: 9
ending page: 19
doi: 10.54548/njps.v37i1.2

Essential Metals in the Brain and the Application of Laser Ablation-Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry for their Detection
type: item
description: Metals are natural component of the ecosystem present throughout the layers of atmosphere; their abundant expression in the brain indicates their importance in the central nervous system (CNS). Within the brain tissue, their distribution is highly compartmentalized, the pattern of which is determined by their primary roles. Bio-imaging of the brain to reveal spatial distribution of metals within specific regions has provided a unique understanding of brain biochemistry and architecture, linking both the structures and the functions through several metal mediated activities. Bioavailability of essential trace metal is needed for normal brain function. However, disrupted metal homeostasis can influence several biochemical pathways in different fields of metabolism and cause characteristic neurological disorders with a typical disease process usually linked with aberrant metal accumulations. In this review we give a brief overview of roles of key essential metals (Iron, Copper and Zinc) including their molecular mechanisms and bio-distribution in the brain as well as their possible involvement in the pathogenesis of related neurodegenerative diseases. In addition, we also reviewed recent applications of Laser Ablation Inductively Couple Plasma Mass Spectrophotometry (LA-ICP-MS) in the detection of both toxic and essential metal dyshomeostasis in neuroscience research and other related brain diseases
subject: Review Articles
  topic: section
creator: Oluwabusuyi Rachael Folarin
creator: Funmilayo E Olopade
creator: James Olukayode Olopade
rights: Avtorske pravice (c) 2022 Nigerian Journal of Physiological Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2021-12-31
publication date: 2021-12-31
starting page: 123
ending page: 147
doi: 10.54548/njps.v36i2.1

The Effect of Acute Administration of the Aqueous Calyx Extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa on Blood pressure, Heart rate and Double Product of Apparently Healthy Human Subjects during Different Postures
type: item
description: The aqueous calyx extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa (HS) is widely consumed as a beverage in Northern Nigeria and other parts of the world. HS has been reported to lower blood pressure (BP) in animals and man. However, not much is known about the effect of HS on BP in different postures. We tested the hypothesis that HS may lower BP, heart rate (HR) and heart rate-pressure product or double product (DP) by attenuating the discharge of the autonomic nervous system in different postures. Experiments were performed in accordance with the Principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Following ethical approval and informed consent, BP and HR were measured in different postures (supine, sitting and standing) in apparently healthy human subjects (n=20) before and after (+HS) the oral administration of 15mg/Kg HS. Mean arterial pressure (MAP; taken as representative BP) and DP were calculated. Results are expressed as mean ±SEM. Paired t test and ANOVA with a post hoc Bonferroni test were used for statistical analyses. P<0.05 was considered significant. In the supine position MAP, HR and DP were significantly (P<0.0001 each) reduced in the presence of HS (85.6±1.7mmHg, 72.1±1.1/min and 8716±320mmHg.bpm) compared to its absence (89.6±2.0mmHg, 73.7±1.6/min and 8921±444mmHg.bpm). Similar trends were observed in the sitting position in the presence of HS (85.4±2.7mmHg, 73.7±1.8/min and 9098±345mmHg.bpm vs its absence: 91.4±2.3mmHg, 77.1±1.9/min and 9388±478mmHg.bpm; P<0.0001, P<0.0001 and P=0.007 respectively) and in the standing position (+HS: 89.3±2.0mmHg, 78.1±1.8/min and 10164±230mmHg.bpm vs its absence: 94.3±2.1mmHg, 81.8±2.3/min and 10742±268mmHg.bpm; P<0.0001, P<0.0001 and P=0.007 respectively). In the absence of HS, HR and DP were significantly higher in the standing posture (81.8±2.3/min, 10742±268mmHg.bpm) compared to the sitting (77.1±1.9/min, 9388±478mmHg.bpm; P<0.05 and P<0.0001 respectively) and the supine (73.7±1.6/min, 8921±444mmHg.bpm; P<0.001 each) postures while t…
subject: Full Length Research Articles
  topic: section
creator: Frank Mojiminiyi
creator: Buhari Aliyu
creator: Yinka Oyeniyi
creator: Simeon Isezuo
creator: Akinola Alada
rights: Avtorske pravice (c) 2022 Nigerian Journal of Physiological Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2022-06-30
publication date: 2022-06-30
starting page: 147
ending page: 152
doi: 10.54548/njps.v37i1.18

Effect of Angiotensin receptor blockade on Plasma Osmolality and Neurohumoral Responses to High Environmental Temperature in Rats Fed a High Salt Diet
type: item
description: Plasma osmolality (pOsmol) and neurohumoral signals play important roles in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular diseases. Our study investigated the effect of high environmental temperature (HET) on neurohumoral responses and pOsmol in rats fed a high salt diet (HSD), with and without angiotensin II receptor blockade (ARB), using telmisartan. Fifty-six male 8-week old Sprague-Dawley rats (95-110g) were randomly assigned into seven groups of 8 rats. These included control rats (I) fed with 0.3% NaCl diet (normal diet, ND); salt-loaded rats (II) fed with 8% NaCl (high salt) diet; ND rats (III) exposed to HET (38.5±0.5oC ) 4 hours daily per week; rats (IV) fed with 8% NaCl diet and exposed to HET daily. Others included rats (V) fed with 8% NaCl diet and treated with telmisartan (30mg/kg); ND rats (VI) exposed to HET and treated with telmisartan; rats (VI) fed with 8% NaCl diet, exposed to HET and treated with telmisartan. Plasma angiotensin II, aldosterone, vasopressin and norepinephrine (NE) concentrations were determined by ELISA technique; pOsmol from plasma K+, Na+ and Urea. HSD combined with HET in rats synergistically increased pOsmol (P<0.001) with an associated non-synergistic rise in fluid intake (P<0.001), fluid balance (P<0.001), plasma angiotensin II (P<0.01) and aldosterone (P<0.05), NE (P<0.001) and vasopressin (P<0.05) concentrations compared to control. Telmisartan did not alter pOsmol in all the treated-rats, but normalized fluid intake levels and plasma vasopressin in the rats exposed to either HSD or HEt alone. Prolonged exposure of rats to hot environment exacerbated the effect of excess dietary salt on pOsmol, with no effect on angiotensin II-mediated neurohumoral responses
subject: Full Length Research Articles
  topic: section
creator: Francis Agbaraolorunpo
creator: Ahmed Kolade Oloyo
creator: S,A Ogunnowo
creator: C. N. Anigbogu
creator: Olusoga Sofola
rights: Avtorske pravice (c) 2021 Nigerian Journal of Physiological Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2021-12-31
publication date: 2021-12-31
starting page: 149
ending page: 157
doi: 10.54548/njps.v36i2.2

Physiological Changes in Serum Calcium, Phosphate, Vitamin D, Parathyroid Hormone and Calcitonin During Pregnancy and Lactation in Randomised Population of Zaria Women
type: item
description: Pregnancy and lactation are usual but stressful physiological conditions accompanied by changes in calcium and phosphate metabolism and their regulatory hormones which may lead to calcium-related disorders in pregnant women. This study aimed to evaluate the changes in serum levels of calcium, phosphate, vitamin D and their regulatory hormones in pregnant and lactating women in Zaria, Nigeria. A cross‑sectional descriptive study was conducted at Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Zaria for three (3) months. Blood samples were collected, anthropometric measurements (weight, height and body mass index) of 179 women were taken. Serum calcium, phosphate, vitamin D, parathyroid hormone and calcitonin were determined using standard methods. Data were presented as mean ± SD, analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA and Pearson’s correlation analysis. Values were considered significant at p ≤ 0.05. There was a significant decrease in serum calcium concentration (p < 0.01) during the third trimester of pregnancy and lactation. An increase in serum concentration of vitamin D, parathyroid hormone, and calcitonin in the 2nd trimester and a decrease during the third trimester and lactation although not statistically significant when compared with the control. There was a negative correlation between serum calcium concentration and gestational age (r = 0.255) while no correlation between gestational age and serum phosphate concentration. Changes in serum calcium, vitamin D, parathyroid hormone and calcitonin during pregnancy and lactation has been demonstrated suggesting a relationship between calcium metabolism and these hormones at some stages of pregnancy
subject: Full Length Research Articles
  topic: section
creator: Ohunene Avidime
creator: S Avidime
creator: A.J Randawa
creator: M.U Kawu
creator: A Mohammed
creator: O.E Yama
creator: O.T Oweh
rights: Avtorske pravice (c) 2022 Nigerian Journal of Physiological Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2022-06-30
publication date: 2022-06-30
starting page: 77
ending page: 82
doi: 10.54548/njps.v37i1.10

Effects of Ruzu, a Polyherbal Mixture, on Neurobehaviour and Expression of Serotonin and Dopamine Transporters in Rats
type: item
description: There is increased possibility that combined herbal constituents may interact to increase toxicity and lower efficacy. Ruzu herbal bitters (RHB) is a blend of extracts from Curculigo pilosa, Uvaria chamae, and Citrullus colocynthis, each of which has been shown to possess important bio-effects. There is anecdotal evidence for efficacy of RHB in neurological disorders; however, there are no data on possible neurotoxic effects of RHB. Using behavioural, biochemical and molecular indices as surrogates of neurotoxicity, this study therefore evaluated the nervous system effects of RHB. Twenty male Wistar rats were divided into two groups – a control group and RHB group (n=10). RHB (0.5ml/kg) was administered to the RHB group twice daily while control group took water (0.5ml/kg). Treatments lasted 6 weeks after which behavioural tests were carried out. Animals were subsequently sacrificed and the expression of serotonin transporter (SERT) and dopamine transporter (DAT) was determined in the striatum by immunofluorescence while specific activities of catalase, alkaline phosphatase and gamma glutamyltransferase were determined. In the elevated plus maze and light and dark box tests which are models of anxiety, animals treated with RHB showed significant anxiety compared to control. They also showed impaired locomotor activity in the open field and wire hang tests. The activity of catalase was significantly increased in the brain of the RHB treated rats while an increase in the expression of both DAT and SERT was observed in the striatum
subject: Full Length Research Articles
  topic: section
creator: Ayodele Oyadeyi
creator: Folasade Ajao
creator: Temitope Babalola
creator: Yusuf Mustapha
rights: Avtorske pravice (c) 2022 Nigerian Journal of Physiological Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2021-12-31
publication date: 2021-12-31
starting page: 173
ending page: 180
doi: 10.54548/njps.v36i2.5

Age-Dependent Effects of Copper Toxicity on Connective Tissue Structural Stability in Wistar Rats Skin
type: item
description: Over the last three decades, there has been increasing global concern over the public health impacts attributed to direct and indirect environmental pollution, in particular, the global burden of disease. The World Health Organization estimates that, about a quarter of the diseases facing mankind today occur due to prolonged exposure to environmental pollution; the health of 200 million people in lower-income countries is at risk from toxins such as lead and copper or mercury, more than from AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria combined and that, nearly a quarter of deaths in developing countries including Nigeria and Ghana, are linked to pollution. The purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of the ingestion of large dose of copper on the structural stability of collagen molecules, as well as reveal age-dependent differences in the phenomena. The content of de novo synthesized collagen was determined by hydroxyproline concentration using Stegmann-Staeder’s method as modified by Utevskaya and Persky; the nature of intra- and inter-molecular covalent cross-links in collagen matrix was estimated by electrophoretic separation of products of partial thermal denaturation of collagen in polyacrylamide gel. There was intensification of synthesis over degradation in young rats, and that administration of copper led to a decrease in collagen solubility. Effects of copper on the structural stability of collagen appeared mostly in young rats.
subject: Full Length Research Articles
  topic: section
creator: Abbas El-ta'alu
creator: Mubarak Muhammad Ahmad
rights: Avtorske pravice (c) 2022 Nigerian Journal of Physiological Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2022-06-30
publication date: 2022-06-30
starting page: 93
ending page: 99
doi: 10.54548/njps.v37i1.12

Changes in Serum Electrolytes, Urea and Creatinine in Nicotiana tabacum-treated Rats
type: item
description: Tobacco, which is a product of Nicotiana tabacum, has nicotine as its principal phytochemical. Nicotine has been reported to be an addictive drug and the leading cause of tobacco addiction worldwide with consequent renal implications. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the effect of the aqueous extract of Nicotiana. tabacum on serum electrolytes, urea and creatinine levels as indices of renal function in male rats. A total of 18 male wistar rats weighing 140-230g were used for this study. The animals were randomly divided into three groups (A, B and C), containing 6 rats each. Group A served as control while Group B and C were orally administered sublethal doses of 20 and 30 mg/kg body weight of the Nicotiana. tabacum extract respectively once per day for three weeks. At the end of the experimental period, all the animals were sacrificed. Blood samples were collected for biochemical assay. The results showed a significant increase (p<0.05) in the serum concentration of sodium, potassium and urea levels of rats treated with the extract when compared with the control. However, serum concentrations of chloride, bicarbonate and creatinine showed no significant appreciable differences between the treated groups and the control group (p<0.05). In conclusion, the study showed that aqueous extract of Nicotiana tabacum is associated with renal dysfunction with consequent hypernatremia and hyperkalemia, and may also suggest impaired urea clearance by the kidneys in male wistar rats.
subject: Short Communication
  topic: section
creator: Azubuike Raphael Nwaji
creator: Uduak Inwang
creator: Favour-Ann Nwoke
creator: Iniobong Ante
rights: Avtorske pravice (c) 2022 Nigerian Journal of Physiological Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2022-06-30
publication date: 2022-06-30
starting page: 153
ending page: 156
doi: 10.54548/njps.v37i1.19

Skull Shape Variations in the Eidolon helvum (African Fruit Bat) Based on Geographical Location
type: item
description: The shape and size of a skull provides insight into the age, breed and gender of the animal. Skull shape variations have been reported in different animals, with some theories linking these variations to evolution and/or migration. This study assessed the variations observed in the skull shape, size and gross morphometrics of two groups of the Eidolon helvum obtained from two geographical regions in Nigeria (south and north). All skulls were rostro-caudally elongated, having a dolichocephalic appearance. The skulls from the north had a distinct dome shape, with a more prominent zygomatic process, absence of a ‘diastema’ and an extra upper molar, while the southern skulls showed a more dorsally flattened skull and a less prominent zygomatic process. The shape of the sagittal crest was different in the two groups, while there was the presence of an accessory infraorbital foramen in some of the southern skulls. The southern skulls lacked the palatine foramen. The lacrimal foramen was observed to be more caudally placed in the southern skulls. Values for most linear measurements were higher in the northern skulls, although statistically significant difference was not present in all. The value for the neurocranial volume was considerably higher in the northern skulls (4.41 ± 0.28 mls) relative to the southern skulls (2.0 ± 0.27 mls). Statistically significant differences were not observed between males and females (within regions). Data obtained from this study may find application in evolution and migration studies, wildlife medicine and surgery and comparative and forensic anatomy.
subject: Full Length Research Articles
  topic: section
creator: Olumayowa Igado
creator: Jemima Joannis
rights: Avtorske pravice (c) 2022 Nigerian Journal of Physiological Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2022-06-30
publication date: 2022-06-30
starting page: 101
ending page: 111
doi: 10.54548/njps.v37i1.13

Hypoglycemic, Hypolipidemic and Antioxidant Potentials of Ethanolic Stem Bark Extract of Anacardium occidentale in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats
type: item
description: Diabetes mellitus is one of the most widespread diseases affecting the world’s population causing substantial morbidity, mortality and long-term complications. This study was designed to investigate possible hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic and antioxidant effect of ethanolic stem bark extract of Anacardium occidentale in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Twenty-eight STZ (60 mg/kg body weight)-induced diabetic, male albino rats were randomly distributed into Groups II-V (7 rats each) and orally administered with water, metformin (14.2 mg/kg), 200 mg/kg Anacardium occidentale extract and 400 mg/kg Anacardium occidentale extract respectively daily for 15 days. Group I rats were untreated with STZ and serves as control all under the same sham handling. Blood samples were taken for measurement of fasting blood glucose (FBG) and lipid profile. Liver and kidney tissue samples were taken for determination of glycemic indices (glucose and glycogen), as well as redox status markers such as malondialdehyde (MDA), total glutathione (GSH), activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione-s-transferase (GST). Results showed that treatment with 200 and 400 mg/kg Anacardium occidentale stem bark extract reversed hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia induced by STZ similar to what was observed with the standard drug, metformin. Similarly, both extract concentration produced a significant reduction in MDA while the activity of SOD and GST, as well as concentration of GSH were elevated. This study suggested that ethanolic stem bark extract of Anacardium occidentale at 200 and 400 mg/kg can ameliorate diabetes and its associated complications via its hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, antioxidant and free radical scavenging properties
subject: Full Length Research Articles
  topic: section
creator: F. A Bamisaye
creator: R. A Ibrahim
creator: A.O. Sulyman
creator: A.O. Jubril
creator: Olawale Ajuwon
rights: Avtorske pravice (c) 2022 Nigerian Journal of Physiological Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2022-06-30
publication date: 2022-06-30
starting page: 137
ending page: 145
doi: 10.54548/njps.v37i1.17

Ethanolic extract of Camellia sinensise licited hypoglycemic but lacked antimalarial properties in Plasmodium berghei-infected diabetic mice
type: item
description: The in vivo antimalarial and antidiabetic activity of extract of Camellia sinensis (ECS) in alloxan-induced diabetic and Plasmodium berghei-infected mice were investigated. Eighty-four BALB/c mice divided into sets 1 & 2 infected with P. berghei and 2 & 3 injected with alloxan received either distilled water, ECS (300mg/kg), Chloroquine (CQ-10mg/kg) or Metformin (250mg/kg). Results showed significant increases (p<0.05) in percentage parasitaemia of P. berghei-infected mice treated with ECS and P. berghei-diabetic mice. Furthermore, ECS significantly decreased (p<0.05) blood glucose and PCV in diabetic and P. berghei-diabetic mice. ECS regenerated pancreatic islet cells in P. berghei-infected-diabetes but lacked appreciable antimalarial activity
subject: Full Length Research Articles
  topic: section
creator: Mufliat Temitope Akinwunmi
creator: Rahmat Adetutu Adisa
creator: Shamusideen Olusegun Aroyeun
creator: Olusegun George Ademowo
rights: Avtorske pravice (c) 2021 Nigerian Journal of Physiological Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2021-12-31
publication date: 2021-12-31
starting page: 189
ending page: 194
doi: 10.54548/njps.v36i2.7

Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor captopril prevents neuronal overexpression of amyloid-beta and alpha-synuclein in Drosophila melanogaster genetic models of neurodegenerative diseases
type: item
description: Background: Parkinson disease (PD) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are progressive neurodegenerative disorders characterized by loss of selective neurons in discreet part of the brain. The peptide angiotensin II (Ang II) plays significant role in hippocampal and striatal neurons degeneration through the generation of reactive oxygen species. Blockade of the angiotensin converting enzyme or ATI receptors provides protection in animal models of neurodegenerative diseases. In the present study, the neuroprotective effect of captopril was investigated in Drosophila melanogaster model using the UAS-GAL4 system to express the synuclein and Aβ42 peptide in the flies’ neurons. Methods: The disease causing human Aβ42 peptide or α-syn was expressed pan-neuronally (elav-GAL4) or dopamine neuron (DDC-GAL4) using the UAS-GAL4 system. Flies were either grown in food media with or without captopril (1, 5, or 10µM). This was followed by fecundity, larva motility, negative geotaxis assay (climbing) and lifespan as a measure of neurodegeneration. Results: Elav-Gal4<Aβ or DDC-GAL4<α-syn flies displayed significant decrease in larva motility when compared with normal control (w1118) which was reversed by the supplementation of the media with captopril (5 or 10 mM) indicative of neuroprotection. Interestingly, supplementation of flies’ media with captopril improved climbing activity in Elav-Gal4<Aβ or DDC-GAL4<α-syn flies when compared with vehicle treated only. Moreover, flies grown on captopril caused no significant change in lifespan. Conclusion: Findings from this study confirmed the neuroprotective action of captopril in genetic or familial forms of neurodegeneration.
subject: Full Length Research Articles
  topic: section
creator: Ismail Ishola
creator: olasunmbo afolayan
creator: adedeji badru
creator: Taiwo Olubodun-obadun
creator: Nkechi John
creator: olufunmilayo Adeyemi
rights: Avtorske pravice (c) 2022 Nigerian Journal of Physiological Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2022-06-30
publication date: 2022-06-30
starting page: 21
ending page: 28
doi: 10.54548/njps.v37i1.3

Gestational Nutrition as a Predisposing Factor to Obesity Onset in Offspring: Role for Involvement of Epigenetic Mechanism
type: item
description: Maternal lifestyle has been implicated as a predisposing factor in the development of metabolic disorders in adulthood. This lifestyle includes the immediate environment, physical activity and nutrition. Maternal nutrition has direct influence on the developmental programming through biochemical alterations and can lead to modifications in the fetal genome through epigenetic mechanisms. Imbalance in basic micro or macro nutrients due to famine or food deficiency during delicate gestational periods can lead to onset of metabolic syndrome including obesity. A major example is the Dutch famine which led to a serious metabolic disorder in adulthood of affected infants. Notably due to gene variants, individualized responses to nutritional deficiencies are unconventional, therefore intensifying the need to study nutritional genomics during fetal programming. Epigenetic mechanisms can cause hereditary changes without changing the DNA sequence; the major mechanisms include small non-coding RNAs, histone modifications and most stable of all is DNA methylation. The significance association between obesity and DNA methylation is through regulation of genes implicated in lipid and glucose metabolism either directly or indirectly by hypomethylation or hypermethylation. Examples include CPT1A, APOA2, ADRB3 and POMC. Any maternal exposure to malnutrition or overnutrition that can affect genes regulating major metabolic pathways in the fetus, will eventually cause underlying changes that can predispose or cause the onset of metabolic disorder in adulthood. In this review, we examined the interaction between nutrition during gestation and epigenetic programming of metabolic syndrome.
subject: Review Articles
  topic: section
creator: Sikirullai Olatunde Jeje
creator: Michael Adenawoola
creator: Christian Abosede
rights: Avtorske pravice (c) 2022 Nigerian Journal of Physiological Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2022-06-30
publication date: 2022-06-30
starting page: 1
ending page: 7
doi: 10.54548/njps.v37i1.1

Teratogenic Effect of Aqueous Leaf Extract of Aspilia africana on The Dentate Gyrus of Wistar Rat Fetuses
type: item
description: Aspilia africana is an herbal plant widespread in Africa used for medicinal purposes and also used by pregnant women for health related issues. This study was aimed at investigating the teratogenic effect of aqueous leaf extract of Aspilia africana on the dentate gyrus of albino wistar rat fetuses. Twenty (20) female adult rats weighing between 190-205g were used for this study. The rats were divided into four groups; control, low dose, medium dose and high dose with each group containing five rats. Pregnancy was induced by caging the female rats with sexually matured males. The presence of vaginal plug and tail structure in the vaginal smear the following morning confirmed coition, and it was regarded as day 0 of pregnancy. The control group was given distilled water. The low dose, medium dose, and the high dose groups received 750mg/kg, 1000mg/kg, and 1250mg/kg body weight of aqueous leaf extract of Aspilia africana through an orogastric tube from day 7-11 of gestation. On the 20th day of gestation, the animals were sacrificed using chloroform-inhalation method. Their fetuses were harvested via uterectomy, the brain was excised and fixed in 10% buffered formalin, and then routine histological processes were carried out. Staining was done using Haematoxylin and Eosin method. Histological observation of the dentate gyri of experimental groups revealed marked distortion, reduction of the polymorphic layer, hyperplasia and hypertrophy of cells in the molecular and granular layer especially in the high dose group whose mothers received 1250mg/kg of the extracts. The result suggests high doses of aqueous leaf extract of Aspilia africana may be teratogenic to the dentate gyrus of Wistar rat fetuses.
subject: Short Communication
  topic: section
creator: Olaitan Ruth Asuquo
creator: P.E Edet
creator: M. A Eluwa
creator: O.O.O Kennedy
rights: Avtorske pravice (c) 2022 Nigerian Journal of Physiological Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2021-12-31
publication date: 2021-12-31
starting page: 237
ending page: 240
doi: 10.54548/njps.v36i2.13

Glycated Haemogloin, Fasting Plasma Glucose, Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor Type-1, and Soluble Thrombomodulin Levels in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
type: item
description: Diabetes mellitus has become increasingly prevalent over the years. The chronic hyperglycaemia of diabetes is associated with long-term damage, dysfunctions, and failure of different organs suggesting that the most effective tool to prevent complications is the effective control of hyperglycaemia itself. The study is set to determine the effect of glycemic control on plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1), soluble thrombomodulin (STM) alongside fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) among type 2 diabetic subjects. One hundred diabetic subjects accessing care at the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital Calabar and 100 non –diabetics that served as controls were enrolled. Blood samples from participants were analyzed for FPG, HbA1c, PAI-1 and STM by standard methods. The result shows 74% of the diabetic to be females. Half of the diabetics were managed on only oral anti-diabetic drugs while the remaining half were either on insulin injection or a combination of oral and insulin injection. Poor glycemic control was observed in 56% of the studied subjects. The mean age of 54.69 ± 9.94 years for the diabetics was comparable to the age-matched controls (p=.097). Diabetics showed significantly higher FPG, HbA1c, PAI-1and STM (P=0.001) compared to control values. Correlations between STM, PAI 1 and glycated hemoglobin (figures 2 p=0.001, p =0.001) and STM, PAI-1 and FPG revealed significantly robust association (p=0.001, p=0.001). The study concludes that there is poor glycemic control among the treated diabetic subjects with PAI-1 and STM showing a very strong positive correlation with HbA1c than FPG.
subject: Full Length Research Articles
  topic: section
creator: Euphoria Akwiwu
creator: Margaret Edem
creator: Josephine Akpotuzor
creator: Enosakhare Asemota
creator: Idongesit Isong
rights: Avtorske pravice (c) 2021 Nigerian Journal of Physiological Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2021-12-31
publication date: 2021-12-31
starting page: 159
ending page: 164
doi: 10.54548/njps.v36i2.3

https://ojshostng.com/index.php/njphysiologicalsciences/sl/article/view/1476
type: item
title: Hippocampal Astrogliotic Reduction in Scopolamine Hydrobromide-Induced Alzheimer’s Type Cognitive Dysfunction Wistar Rats Following Administration of Aqueous Extract of Telfairia Occidentalis (pumpkin) seeds.
description: Astrocytes are small star-shaped glial cells that maintain normal human brain physiology including secretion of several active compounds and the formation of blood brain barrier. Reactive astrocytes support regenerating axons and also, actuate some genes responsible for the induction of synapse formation. In this study, the effect of aqueous extract of Telfairia occidentalis seeds on hippocampal astrogliosis was probed using scopolamine-induced Alzheimer’s type cognitive dysfunction Wistar rats. Thirty Wistar rats weighed between 180-200g were randomly grouped into five designated A, B, C, D and E. Each group contained six rats. Alzheimer’s type cognitive dysfunction was induced in groups B to E by administering intraperitoneally, 1 mg/kg body weight of scopolamine for seven days before Donepezil and the aqueous extract of Telfairia occidentalis seeds for fourteen days. Twenty-four hours after the last administration, the animals were sacrificed; their brain tissues perfused and stained with glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) dye. Results revealed prominently stained astrocytes with their processes intact (group A). Some densely stained numerous astrogliosis with hypertrophied fibres were noticed in group B. Group C demonstrated prominent astrocytes with hypertrophied fibres, group D, moderately stained astrogliosis with hypertrophied fibres while group E showed numerous astrocytes with prominent nuclei and hypertrophied fibres. In conclusion, there was reduced hippocampal astrogliosis mostly in group D treated with Telfairia occidentalis which may neutralize oxidative stress and enhanced learning and memory in the Wistar rats of the present study.
subject: Short Communication
  topic: section
creator: Eru Mba
rights: Avtorske pravice (c) 2021 Nigerian Journal of Physiological Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2021-12-31
publication date: 2021-12-31
starting page: 241
ending page: 244
doi: 10.54548/njps.v36i2.14

Ficus vogelii methanol leaf extract ameliorates inflammation and arthritis by modulating osmotic fragility in C57BL/6J mice
type: item
description: The study evaluated the membrane-stabilizing potentials in red blood cells and anti-inflammatory properties in C57BL/6J mice of the methanol leaf extract of Ficus vogelii. Animals were treated orally with different doses of the extract (50, 100, 200 mg/kg) for 30 days and their blood was measured for membrane stability at different saline concentrations. Diclofenac (12.5 mg/kg) or Indomethacin (10 mg/kg) was used as standard in the anti-inflammatory studies. The mean corpuscular fragility (MCF) values and their corresponding percentage stabilization increased significantly (p≤0.05) in the treatment groups compared to the negative control. Treatment of mice with 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg of the extract significantly (p≤0.05) inhibited carrageenan-induced paw oedema in mice. The highest dose (200 mg/kg) showed lower anti-inflammatory activity compared to Diclofenac (12.5 mg/kg). Daily administration of the extract significantly (p≤0.05) suppressed adjuvant-induced paw arthritis by day 15 and 30 post arthritis induction. Ficus vogelii extract inhibited granuloma formation significantly. The anti-inflammatory effects of methanol leaf extract of Ficus vogelii on granuloma formation were comparable to that of Indomethacin (10 mg/kg). In summary, this study showed that the methanol leaf extract of Ficus vogelii possessed membrane-stabilizing potentials and anti-inflammatory properties, therefore, providing further proof that the leaves contain an active compound with potent anti-inflammatory activity
subject: Full Length Research Articles
  topic: section
creator: Chinaka Nwaehujor
rights: Avtorske pravice (c) 2021 Nigerian Journal of Physiological Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2021-12-31
publication date: 2021-12-31
starting page: 221
ending page: 226
doi: 10.54548/njps.v36i2.11

Aquoeus Extracts of Daucus Carota (Linn) Protected the Postnatal Developing Cerebellum of Wistar Rats Against Arsenic-Induced Oxidative Stress
type: item
description: The neuroprotective effects of the aqueous extract of Daucus carota (Dc) tuber against arsenic-induced oxidative damage on the developing cerebellum of Wistar rats were studied. Twenty-five pregnant rats (110-200g) were divided into five groups (n=5) – control received distilled water; Arsenic (As); Dc (200mg/kg); Dc (200mg/kg) +As; Vitamin C (Vc) (100mg/kg) +As. The pregnant rats in all the groups were treated orally from the first day of pregnancy to postnatal day 21. The Dc extract and Vc were administered one hour before the administration of As. Body weight of the pups on days 1, 7, 14, 21 and 28 were recorded, while neurobehavioural (forelimb grip strength and negative geotaxis) tests were done on day 21 pups. The rats were sacrificed and cerebellar tissues were collected for oxidative stress, histological (H and E), and immunohistochemical studies. Decreased forelimb grip strength, increased lipid peroxidation and decreased glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, catalase and superoxide dismutase was observed in the As group compared with the control and other treated groups. Histologically, the cerebellar cortex of the As pups showed persistent external granular layer (EGL) on postnatal day 21, reduced thickness of the molecular layer (ML) on postnatal day 28, pyknotic and depleted Purkinje cells compared with the control and other treated rats. Immunohistochemical evaluations of the cerebellar cortex showed astroliosis in the As-treated group on day 21 pups compared with the control and other treated groups. Aqueous extracts of Daucus carota and Vitamin C reversed the toxicity caused by arsenic. From the results of the study, arsenic-induced oxidative stress with morphological alterations in the perinatal developing rat cerebellum. Extracts of Daucus carota exhibited antioxidant activity as such may be a potential neuroprotective agent.
subject: Full Length Research Articles
  topic: section
creator: I. O. Imosemi
rights: Avtorske pravice (c) 2022 Nigerian Journal of Physiological Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2021-12-31
publication date: 2021-12-31
starting page: 211
ending page: 220
doi: 10.54548/njps.v36i2.10

Protective Effect of Vitamin E Against Mobile Phone–Induced Oxidative Stress and Neuronal Injury in Rats
type: item
description: Chronic exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation (RF-EMR) emitted from mobile phones has raised concerns regarding its potential biological effects on the central nervous system. The present study investigated whether prolonged RF-EMR exposure induces oxidative, neuroendocrine, and neuronal stress in rats, and whether Vitamin E supplementation offers protective effects. Male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were divided into control, RF-EMR–exposed, RF-EMR plus Vitamin E–treated, and vehicle control groups. Animals were exposed to mobile phone–emitted RF-EMR (0.9/1.8 GHz) for 1 hour/day over 50 days and supplemented with Vitamin E (100 mg/kg body weight, orally through oral gavage needle). Feed intake and body weight were recorded, while serum malondialdehyde (MDA), corticosterone, and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) levels were assessed as markers of oxidative stress, neuroendocrine stress, and neuronal injury, respectively. Hippocampal glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expression was also evaluated. Compared with control rats, RF-EMR exposure did not significantly alter feed intake or body weight; however, serum MDA, corticosterone, and NSE levels were significantly elevated (p < 0.05). Vitamin E supplementation significantly attenuated these biochemical alterations compared with the RF-EMR group (p < 0.05). GFAP expression in the hippocampal CA3 region showed no significant differences among groups. These findings suggest that chronic RF-EMR exposure induces biochemical and neuronal stress prior to overt behavioral changes, and that Vitamin E provides effective antioxidant and neuroprotective benefits
subject: Full Length Research Articles
  topic: section
creator: Pravallika Pagadala
creator: Vinutha Shankar MS
creator: Harendra Kumar ML
creator: Ramesh Babu Murikipudi
rights: Avtorske pravice (c) 2026 Nigerian Journal of Physiological Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-06-30
publication date: 2026-06-30
starting page: 93
ending page: 99
doi: 10.54548/