Spinal Cord Studies in the African Giant Rat (Cricetomys gambianus, Waterhouse)
Abstrakti
Summary: The African giant rat, AGR, is known for advantageous behavioural patterns among which are cognition and dexterous locomotion. This study investigated the morphological, morphometric and possible functional aspects of the AGR spinal cord (SC) anatomy. Ten adult (5 males and 5 females) AGR were used to determine the gross and histological features of the SC which were typically of rodent features. The mean SC weight and length given as 2.50±0.24g and 15.87±0.24cm respectively for the male and 2.32±0.16g and 15.40±0.61cm for the female showed no sexual dimorphism (p<.05). A positive linear relationship between the tail length and SC weight were found in both sexes (r =0.81 males; r =0.95 females) suggesting significant contribution of the filum terminale to SC weight. Forty-three internal structures including nuclear aggregations and tracts were traced. Eight nuclear aggregations of neurons involved in nociception and limb coordination were observed to be prominent and larger than in laboratory rats. Same was noted for the dorsal, ventral and lateral funicular tracts which control the limbic system. This study provides morphometric baseline research information and delineates the functional aspects of the AGR SC anatomy. The information provided further strengthens the drive proposing the AGR as an indigenous research model for regional anaesthesia and locomotor disease.
Lähdeviitteet
Abu-zaid, S. (1982). Some gross anatomical studies on the prenatal and postnatal morphological features on the spinal cord of the water buffalo (Bos Bubalis L.), Ph.D Thesis, (Anatomy), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University.
Aguh, B. Yahaya, A. Saidu, L. Ayeku, P. Agba A. (2013). Correlation of body weight and other morphometric measurements in Albino rats (Rattus norvegicus). Sci J of Biol. Sci. 2(3): 39-44.
Ajayi, S. (1977). Field observation on the African Giant Rat (Cricetomys gambianus) in southern Nigeria. East Afr. Wild J. 15(3): 191-198.
Akinloye, A. (2009). Structural and hormonal studies of the female giant rats (Cricetomys gambianus, Waterhouse) at different stages of oestrous cycle, PhD Thesis, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria.
Bjugn, R., Boe, R., Haugland, H. (1989). A stereological study of the ependyma of the mouse spinal cord with a comparative note on the choroid plexus ependyma. J Anat. 166: 171-178.
Brian, K. and William R. (2000). Body Weight and Tail Length Divergence in Mice Selected for Rate of Development. J Exp Zool (Mol Dev Evol). 288: 151-164.
Dellmann, H. and McCLURE, R. (1975). Central nervous system of domestic animals in "Sisson-Grossman" The Anatomy of Domestic Animals. 5th ed. Vol. 2 reviewed by R. Getty. WB Saunders- Philadelphia, London, Toronto.
Durnez L., Eddyani M., Mgode G., Katakweba A., Katholi C. Machang’u R., Kazwala R., Portaels F. and Leirs H. (2008). First detection of Mycobacteria in African rodents and insectivores, using stratified pool screening. Appl Environ Microbiol. 74: 768-773.
Farag F., Elayat M., Wally Y., Elkarmoty A. (2012). Morphometric Studies on the Spinal cord Segments of the Domestic Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus). J Vet Anat. 5(2): 33-47.
Fitzinger J. (1995). Cane Rats. In R Nowak, ed. Walker's Mammals of the World Johns Hopkins Med J., 1650-1651.
Gruener G., Biller J. (2008). Spinal cord anatomy, Localization, and Overview of Spinal cord syndromes. Am. Acad. Neurol. 14(3): 11-35.
Hebel R., Stromberg M. (1976). The Nervous System. In: Anatomy of the laboratory rat. The Wilkins and Wilkins company, Baltimore, Md. U.S.A. Library of congress cataloging in publication data. 119-121
Ibe C., Onyeanusi B., Hambolu J. (2014). Functional morphology of the brain of the African giant pouched rat (Cricetomys gambianus Waterhouse, 1840), Onderstepoort J Vet Res. 81(1): 644 -650.
Ibe C., Onyeanusi B., Hambolu J., Ayo J. (2010). Sexual dimorphism in the whole brain and brain stem morphometry in the AGR (Cricetomys gambianus, Waterhouse, 1840). Folia morphol. 69(2): 69-74.
Jonathan, R. and Gerbrand J. (2005). Applied Epidural Anatomy. Contin. Educ.Anaesth. Crit. Care Pain, 5(3): 98-100.
Kahvecioglu K., Ozcan S., Cakir M. (1995). Anatomic studies on the medulla spinalis of the Angora goat (Excluding the coccygeal segments) Yuzuncu Yil Universitesi Veteriner Fakultesi Dergisi. 6(1-2), 76-80.
Lima F., Santos A., Lima B., Vieira L., Hirano L. (2010). Topographic anatomy of the spinal cord and vertebromedullary relationships in Mazamagou azoubira Fisher, 1814 (Artiodactyla; Cervidae) Acta Scientiarum Bio Sci. 32(2), 189-194.
Mansour A. (1980). Some morphological features of the Spinal cord in Donkey. MVSc Thesis (Anatomy). Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assuit University.
Mansour A. (1983). Some anatomical features of the system anervosum centrale of Camelus dromedarius. Ph.D. Thesis (Anatomy). Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assuit University.
Miller M., Christensen G., Evans H. (1964). Anatomy of the Dog, 1st. Ed. WB Saunders Comp. Philadelphia, London, Toronto.
Nickel R., Schummer A., Seiferle E. (2004). Lehrbuch der Anatomie der Haustiere: Nerven system, Sinnesorgane, endocrine Drusen. Stuttgard, Germany: Parey.
Ocal M., Haziroglu R. (1988). Comparative morphological studies on the spinal cord of the donkey: I. The cross sectional areas of the Spinal cord segments. Ankara Universitesi Veteriner Fakultesi Dergisi. 35(1): 55-68.
Oke O., Oke B. (1999). Vaginal cytological changes during the oestrous cycle of the adult female African giant rats (Cricetomys gambianus, Waterhouse). Trop. Vet. 17: 169-180.
Olude M., Olopade J., Adebayo A., Mustapha O. (2010). Macro-anatomical investigations of the skeletons of the African giant rat (Cricetomys gambianus Waterhouse 1840) II: Fore limb. Eur J Anat. 14(1): 19-23.
Olude M., Olopade J., Fatola I., Onwuka S. (2009). Some aspects of the neurocraniometry of the African giant rat (Cricetomys gambianus, Waterhouse). Folia Morphol. 68: 224-227.
Peterson T., Papes M., Reynolds M., Perry N., Hanson B., Regnery R., Hutson C., Muizniek B., Damon I., Carroll D. (2006). Native range ecology and invasive potential of Cricetomys in North America. J Mammal. 8: 427-432.
Rao G. (1990). Anatomical studies on the ovine spinal cord. Ann Anat. 171: 261-264.
Rahmanifar F., Mansouri S., Ghazi S. (2008). Histomorphometric study of the Spinal cord segments in the chicks and adult male ostrich (Struthio camelus). Iran J Vet Res. 4(9): 1-7.
Rea P. (2009). The role of the lateral spinal nucleus in nociception. A thesis presented for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Neuroscience and Molecular Pharmacology, Faculty of Biomedical and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow.
Sadullah B., Durmus B., Muhammet L.S. (2013). The segmental morphometric properties of the horse cervical spinal cord: a study of cadaver. Sci World J. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/734923.
Sheets B. (1989). Cranial anatomy of Jaculus
orientalis (rodentia, dipoidea): new evidence for close relationship of diplodoid and muroid rodents. Submitted to the committee on undergraduate honors of Baruch College of the City University of New York in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of art in biology with honors.
Vera P., Meyer-siegler, K. (2003). Anatomical location of macrophage migration inhibitory factor in urogenital tissues, peripheral ganglia and lumbosacral spinal cord of the rat. BMC Neurosci. 4: 17-26.
Verhagen, R., Cox C., Machang’u R., Weetjens B., Billet M. (2003). Preliminary results on the use of Cricetomys rats as indicators of buried explosives in field conditions. In: Mine detection dogs: training operations and odour detection. Geneva: Geneva International Centre for Humanitarian Demining: 175-193.
Virginia H. (2008). Patterns of body and tail length and body mass in sciuridae. J mammal. 89(4): 852-873
Watson C., Paxinos G., Kayalioglu G. (2008). The Spinal cord: A Christopher and Dana Reeve foundation text and atlas. Elsevier Ltd.
Weetjens, B. (2010). How I taught rats to sniff out land mines, TED Talks, Rotterdam, 2010, (accessed 2011-09-16).
Weetjens B., Mgode G., Machang’u R., Kazwala R., Mfinanga G., Willa F., Cox C., Jubitana M., Kanyagha H., Mtandu R., Kahwa A., Mwessongo J., Makingi G., Mfaume S., Steenberge J., Beyene N., Billet M., Verhagen R. (2009). African pouched rats for the detection of pulmonary tuberculosis. Int J Tuber Lung Dis. 13: 737-43.
Weyhenmeyer J., Gallman E. (2007). Rapid review of neuroscience. Mosby Elsevier: 120.
Tiedostolataukset
Julkaistu
Numero
Osasto
Lisenssi
Tämä työ on lisensoitu Creative Commons Nimeä-EiKaupallinen-EiMuutoksia 4.0 Kansainvälinen Julkinen -lisenssillä.
