Hepatoprotective and anticlastogenic effects of ethanol extract of Irvingia gabonensis (IG) leaves in sodium arsenite-induced toxicity in male Wistar rats
Keywords:
Irvingia gabonensis, Sodium arsenite, Hepatotoxicity, Clastogenicity, Oxidative stress, transaminasesAbstract
Summary: Consumption of arsenic contaminated water has been associated with diverse health defects such as cancer and skin lesions. Some plants of medicinal value have been reported to show protective effects against toxins. In this study, the effects of ethanol extract of the leaves of Irvingia gabonensis (IG) against sodium arsenite (SA) induced hepatotoxicity and clastogenicity in male Wistar rats was investigated. Eight groups of five rats each were used for the study. They were administered with 250 or 500 mg/kg body weight of IG with or without SA at 2.5 mg/kg body weight. IG extract has a significant (p<0.05) reducing effect on serum liver function enzymes, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and gamma glutamyltransferase (γGT) activities. This was corroborated with the histopathological analysis findings. Also the groups treated with both the extract and SA recorded significantly (p<0.05) reduced number of micronuclei when compared with the group treated with SA only. IG extract also reduced the oxidative stress induced by SA as measured by the reduced generation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and significant (p<0.05) difference in the CAT and SOD activities between the groups treated with both SA and extract, and the positive control group administered SA alone. This study therefore shows that the ethanol leaf extract of Irvingia gabonensis have hepatoprotective and anticlastogenic effects against sodium arsenite-induced toxicity possibly by enhancing the antioxidant status in the Wistar rats.
References
Abernathy, C. O., Liu, Y. P., Longfellow, D., Aposhian, H. V., Beck, B., Fowler, B., Goyer, R., Menzer, R., Rossman, T., Thompson, C. &Waalkes, M. (1999). Arsenic: health effects, mechanisms of actions, and research issues. Environ Health Perspect 107(7): 593-597.
Adamson, I., Okafor, C., Abu-Bakare, A (1990). A supplement of Dikanut (Irvingia gabonesis ) improves treatment of type II diabetics. West Afr J Med.9(2):108-115.
Ames, B. N. (1979). Identifying environmental chemicals causing mutations and cancer. Science 204(4393): 587-593.
Amresh, G., Rao, C. V. &Singh, P. N. (2007). Antioxidant activity of Cissampelos pareira on benzo(a)pyrene-induced mucosal injury in mice. Nutrition research (New York) 27(10): 625-632.
Betro, M. G., Oon, R. C. &Edwards, J. B. (1973). Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase and other liver function tests in myocardial infarction and heart failure. Am J Clin Pathol 60(5): 679-683.
Dinari, G., Cohen, M. I., McNamara, H. &Kochen, J. A. (1979). Effect of lead exposure on the activity of some hepatic enzymes in the rat. Pediatr Res 13(5 Pt 1): 644-646.
Gbadegesin, M. A., Odunola, O. A., Akinwumi, K. A. &Osifeso, O. O. (2009). Comparative hepatotoxicity and clastogenicity of sodium arsenite and three petroleum products in experimental Swiss Albino Mice: the modulatory effects of Aloe vera gel. Food Chem Toxicol 47(10): 2454-2457.
Guillamet, E., Creus, A., Ponti, J., Sabbioni, E., Fortaner, S. &Marcos, R. (2004). In vitro DNA damage by arsenic compounds in a human lymphoblastoid cell line (TK6) assessed by the alkaline Comet assay. Mutagenesis 19(2): 129-135.
Hubert, D.J., Wabo, F.G.,Ngameni, B., Ngheguin, T.F., Tchoukoua, A., Ambassa, P., Abia, W., Tchana, A.N., Giardina, S., Buonocore, D., Vita, F.P., Vidari, G., Marzatico, F., Ngadjui, B.T., Moundipa, P.F. (2010). “In vitro hepatoprotective and antioxidant activities of the crude extract and isolated compounds from Irvingia gabonensis. Asian Journal of Traditional Medicine. 5(3): 79-88
Huseby, N. E. (1978). Multiple forms of gamma-glutamyltransferase in normal human liver, bile and serum. Biochim Biophys Acta 522(2): 354-362.
Huseby, N. E. (1982). Multiple forms of serum gamma-glutamyltransferase. Association of the enzyme with lipoproteins. Clin Chim Acta 124(1): 103-112.
Karmaker, R., Banerjee, A., Datta, S., and Chatterjee, M. (1999). Influence of cadmium intoxification on hepatic lipid peroxidation, glutathione level and glutathioneS-transferase and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase activities: Correlation with chromosome aberration in bone marrow cells. J. Environ. Pathol. Toxicol. Oncol. 18: 277-287.
Lee, D. H., Blomhoff, R. &Jacobs, D. R., Jr. (2004). Is serum gamma glutamyltransferase a marker of oxidative stress? Free Radic Res 38(6): 535-539.
Lum, G. &Gambino, S. R. (1972). Serum gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase activity as an indicator of disease of liver, pancreas, or bone. Clin Chem 18(4): 358-362.
Mallick, P., Mallick, J. C., Guha, B. &Khuda-Bukhsh, A. R. (2003). Ameliorating effect of microdoses of a potentized homeopathic drug, Arsenicum Album, on arsenic-induced toxicity in mice. BMC Complement Altern Med 3: 7.
Manna, P., Sinha, M. &Sil, P. C. (2007). A 43 kD protein isolated from the herb Cajanus indicus L attenuates sodium fluoride-induced hepatic and renal disorders in vivo. J Biochem Mol Biol 40(3): 382-395.
Matos L, Nzikou JM, Matouba E, Pandzou-Yembe VN, Mapepoulou TG, Linder M, Desobry S (2009). Studies of Irvingia gabonensis seeds kernels: Oil technological applications. Pak. J, Nutr. 8: 151-157
Matter, B. &Schmid, W. (1971). Trenimon-induced chromosomal damage in bone-marrow cells of six mammalian species, evaluated by the micronucleus test. Mutat Res 12(4): 417-425.
Mazumder, D. N. (2005). Effect of chronic intake of arsenic-contaminated water on liver. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 206(2): 169-175.
Moore, L. E., Smith, A. H., Hopenhayn-Rich, C., Biggs, M. L., Kalman, D. A. &Smith, M. T. (1997). Decrease in bladder cell micronucleus prevalence after intervention to lower the concentration of arsenic in drinking water. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 6(12): 1051-1056.
NAERLS (National Agricultural Extension and Research Liaison Services) (1999) Production and utilization of Ogbono (Irvingia gabonensis). Extension bulletin No 140. Horticulture series No 4. Pp. 3-12.
Nosiri, I., Abdu-Aguye, I., Hussaini, I. &Abdurahaman, E. (2009a). Leaf Extracts of Irvingia gabonensis Increase Urine Output And Electrolytes In Rats. The Internet Journal of Alternative Medicine 8(2): http://ispub.com/IJAM/8/2/11789. Accessed June 2014.
Nosiri, I., Hussaini, I., Abdu-Aguye, I. &Abdurahaman, E. (2009b). Pharmacological Effect of Irvingia gabonensis Leaf Extracts on Cat Blood Pressure. The Internet Journal of Pharmacology 9(1): http://ispub.com/IJPHARM/9/1/6633. Accessed June 2014.
Odunola, O. A. (2003). Comparative effects of some local food condiments on sodium arsenite-induced clastogenicity. Afr J Med Med Sci 32(1): 75-80.
Odunola, O. A., Akinwumi, K. A., Ogunbiyi, B.
&Tugbobo, O. (2007). Interaction and Enhancement
of the Toxic Effects of Sodium Arsenite and Lead
Acetate in Wistar Rats. African Journal of Biomedical Research 10: 59 - 65
Odunola, O. A., Uka, E., Akinwumi, K. A., Gbadegesin, M. A., Osifeso, O. O. &Ibegbu, M. D. (2008). Exposure of laboratory mice to domestic cooking gas: implications for toxicity. Int J Environ Res Public Health 5(3): 172-176.
Okolo, C. O., Johnson, P. B., Abdurahman, E. M., Abdu-Aguye, I. &Hussaini, I. M. (1995). Analgesic effect of Irvingia gabonensis stem bark extract. J Ethnopharmacol 45(2): 125-129.
Osadebe, P. O., Abba, C. C. &Agbo, M. O. (2012). Antimotility effects of extracts and fractions of Eastern Nigeria mistletoe (Loranthus micranthus Linn). Asian Pac J Trop Med 5(7): 556-560.
Parvez, F., Chen, Y., Argos, M., Hussain, A. Z., Momotaj, H., Dhar, R., van Geen, A., Graziano, J. H. &Ahsan, H. (2006). Prevalence of arsenic exposure from drinking water and awareness of its health risks in a Bangladeshi population: results from a large population-based study. Environ Health Perspect 114(3): 355-359.
Perera, F. P., Mooney, L. A., Stampfer, M., Phillips, D. H., Bell, D. A., Rundle, A., Cho, S., Tsai, W. Y., Ma, J., Blackwood, A. &Tang, D. (2002). Associations between carcinogen-DNA damage, glutathione S-transferase genotypes, and risk of lung cancer in the prospective Physicians' Health Cohort Study. Carcinogenesis 23(10): 1641-1646.
Preston, R. J., Dean, B. J., Galloway, S., Holden, H., McFee, A. F. &Shelby, M. (1987). Mammalian in vivo cytogenetic assays. Analysis of chromosome aberrations in bone marrow cells. Mutat Res 189(2): 157-165.
Ramanathan, K., Balakumar, B. S. &Panneerselvam, C. (2002). Effects of ascorbic acid and alpha-tocopherol on arsenic-induced oxidative stress. Hum Exp Toxicol 21(12): 675-680.
Reitman, S. &Frankel, S. (1957). A colorimetric method for the determination of serum glutamic oxalacetic and glutamic pyruvic transaminases. Am J Clin Pathol 28(1): 56-63.
Souza, S. M. C., Aquino, L. C. M., Jr, A. C. M., Bandeira, M. A. M., Nobre, M. E. P. &Viana, G. S. B. (2007). Antiinflammatory and antiulcer properties of tannins from Myracrodruon urundeuva Allemão (Anacardiaceae) in Rodents. Phytotherapy Research 21(3): 220-225.
Szasz, G. (1969). A kinetic photometric method for serum gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase. Clin Chem 15(2): 124-136.
Usoh, I. F., Akpan, E. J., Etim, E. O. &Farombi, E. O. (2005). Antioxidant actions of dried flower extracts of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. on sodium arsenite-induced oxidative stress in rats. Pak. J. Nutr. 4: 135-141.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
