Attitude and practice of medical professionals towards prenatal ultrasound screening for congenital anomalies

Abstract

Background: Congenital anomalies are among the leading causes of perinatal morbidity and mortality worldwide. The advent of prenatal ultrasound screening for anomalies has profoundly affected perinatal care positively. This study was aimed at obtaining the views of the practitioners which usually constitute an integral part of the success of any practice, including screening for congenital anomalies.

Method: This is a cross-sectional descriptive survey conducted during a practical ultrasound training course. It involved the use of a self-administered semi-structured questionnaire. The responses were codified and relevant statistical analysis was performed.

Results: Seventy-seven medical professionals participated in the workshop and filled the questionnaires. 71% of the respondents were Consultant Obstetricians. Only few (13%) respondents refer patients for routine fetal anomaly scans while 70.1% reserved referral to only cases at high risk of congenital malformations. Informed consent-mostly verbal (90%)-for fetal anomaly scan was routinely obtained by less than half (46%) of the respondents. Protocols to guide practice, diagnosis, decision and management of congenital anomalies in utero existed in only few centers. 75% of the respondents will advocate pregnancy termination for lethal fetal anomalies, while 27.3% will advocate pregnancy termination for anomalies that will reduce quality of life.

Conclusion: Since congenital anomalies is one of the leading causes of perinatal morbidity and mortality, there is need for established protocols to guide the practice, diagnosis, decision and management of these congenital anomalies found in pregnancy so as to improve the quality of care.

Keywords: Congenital anomalies, prenatal ultrasound, medical professionals

Résumé
Contexte: Les anomalies congénitales sont parmi les principales causes de morbidité et de mortalité périnatales dans le monde entier. L’avènement du dépistage par ultrasons prénatal pour les anomalies a profondément affecté les soins périnatals positivement. Cette étude visait à obtenir les points de vue des praticiens qui constituent généralement une partie intégrante du succès de toute pratique, y compris le dépistage d’anomalies congénitales.

Méthode: Il s’agit d’une enquête descriptive transversale réalisée lors d’un cours pratique d’échographie. Il s’agissait de l’utilisation d’un questionnaire semi-structuré auto-administré. Les réponses ont été codifiées et des analyses statistiques pertinentes ont été effectuées.

Résultats: soixante-dix-sept professionnels de la santé ont participé à l’atelier et ont rempli les questionnaires. 71% des répondants étaient des obstétriciens consultants. Seuls quelques répondants (13%) se réfèrent aux patients pour les analyses d’anomalie fœtale de routine, tandis que 70,1% ont réservé la recommandation uniquement aux cas à risque élevé de malformations congénitales. Le consentement éclairé - principalement verbal (90%) - pour l’analyse de l’anomalie fœtale a été habituellement obtenu par moins de la moitié (46%) des répondants. Les protocoles pour guider la pratique, le diagnostic, la décision et la gestion des anomalies congénitales dans l’utérus n’existaient que dans quelques centres. 75% des répondants préconiseront la fin de la grossesse pour les anomalies fatales mortelles, tandis que 27,3% préconiseront la fin de la grossesse pour des anomalies qui réduiront la qualité de vie.

Conclusion: Étant donné que les anomalies congénitales sont l’une des principales causes de morbidité et de mortalité périnatales, il est nécessaire de disposer de protocoles établis pour guider la pratique, le diagnostic, la décision et la prise en charge de ces anomalies congénitales découvertes pendant la grossesse afin d’améliorer la qualité des soins.

Mots-clés: Anomalies congénitales, échographie prénatale, professionnels de la santé

Correspondence: Dr. J.A. Akinmoladun, Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, Universty of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria. E-mail: jaakinmoladun@yahoo.com

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