Öz
This prospective study was carried out at the Children Outpatient Clinic of the University College Hospital (UCH), Ibadan, Nigeria. The study aims to determine the convergent validity of the Oucher,
Observer Pain Scale, Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) among Nigerian children. Children aged between 6months and 12 years who required venepuncture or phlebotomy for various investigative procedures were recruited. Demographic data and pain assessment scores were documented on a data collection form. Pain was assessed by a trained research assistant at baseline, during the procedure and immediately after the procedure using the 4 pain scales. The mean age (+SD) of the children was 5.5+4.3years, boys accounted for 93 (52%) and girls 86 (48%). Pain score ranged from 0 (no pain) to 10 (worst pain) during the procedure; 72% (125) of the children had a pain score of at least 4. The median pain score during the procedure were 4 (Observer Pain Scale), 5 (Oucher) and 4 (VAS and NRS).The average measure intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) showed that the Oucher , the VAS and the NRS pain scales are reliable pain measuring tools with an ICC of 0.63-0.69 at baseline and 0.72 - 0.73 during the procedure. The VAS, NRS and Oucher pain scales are valid pain tools that can be used to assess pain in Nigerian children.
Keywords: Nigerian children; pain measuring tools; validity
Résumé
Cette étude prospective était faite a la Clinique pédiatrique du Collège Hospitalier Universitaire (UCH) Ibadan, Nigeria. L’étude a pour objectif de déterminer la validité de la convergence de Oucher, l’échelle d’observation de douleur, l’échelle visuelle analogue (VAS) et l’échelle de classification numérique (NRS) parmi les enfants Nigérians. Les enfants âgés de 6 mois a 12 ans qui étaient sujettes a une venepuncture ou a une phlébotomie pour différentes procédures investigatrices étaient recrutes. Les données démographiques et une estimation du niveau de douleur étaient documentes. La douleur était évalué par un assistant de recherché forme, a la base, pendant la procédure et immédiatement après la procédure utilisant 4 échelles de douleur. L’âge moyen(+/- SD)des enfants était 5.5 +/- 4.3 ans. 93 garçons(52% )et 86 filles (48%) pendant la procédure, le niveau de douleur était classe de 0 (pas de douleur) a 10 (douleur extrême); 72% (125) des enfants avait une douleur de niveau 4 au moins. La douleur médiane pendant la procédure était 4 (Echelle d’observation de douleur), 5 (Oucher) et4 (VAS et NRS) la mesure moyenne du coefficient de corrélation intra-classe (ICC) montrait que Oucher, le VAS et le NRS étaient des instruments de mesure de douleur sur avec un ICC de 0.63-0.69 a la base et 0.72-0.73 pendant la procédure. Le VAS, le NRS et le Oucher sont des instruments valides de mesure de douleur qui peuvent être utilisé pour évaluer la douleur chez les enfants Nigérians.
Correspondence: Dr. Olayinka R. Eyelade, Department of Anaesthesia, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria. E-mail: dryinka@yahoo.com or oeyelade@comui.edu.ng
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