Abstract
Introduction: Otitis media represents one of the commonest illness in childhood. Studies have been conducted to identify the risk factors for this disease. However, the true prevalence of otitis media may remain elusive because community based studies are few. Investigation of household exposure to tobacco smoke and occurrence of otitis media had also not been extensively explored in the Nigerian context.
Methods: A community based study was conducted in Konduga Local Government. A multi-staged sampling procedure was used to select 400 mother-child dyads. Using an interviewer administered questionnaire, information was obtained on child’s history of otitis media, socio-demographic characteristics, and household tobacco use and exposure. Bivariate analysis and logistic regression were used to explore associations and predictors.
Results: Majority of the mothers had either Quranic 194 (48.5%) or no formal education 137 (34.3%) and were predominantly artisans/traders 123(30.8%) or full housewives 221 (55.3%). Only 79(19.8%) had more than two families living together, 16% of the fathers were current daily smokers while in 31.3% of households, smoking was done on a daily basis. About a quarter (24.8%) of the children in the study had experienced otitis media while only 11.7% had more than one episode. Household daily tobacco smoking increased the odds of having otitis media up to five times (OR 4.8; 95% CI 2.5 – 9.2).
Conclusion: Household level tobacco smoke exposure was significantly associated with otitis media. Mothers and children often have no control over household smoking decision, therefore pro-active community awareness should be encouraged.
Keywords: Smoking, otitis media, household smoking, children
Résumé
Contexte: L’otite moyenne représente l’une des maladies les plus courantes chez les enfants. Des études ont été menées pour identifier les facteurs de risque de cette maladie. Cependant, la véritable prévalence de l’otite moyenne peut rester évasive parce que les études communautaires sont peu nombreuses. L’enquête sur l’exposition à la fumée du tabac au ménage et la survenue d’otites moyennes n’a pas été étudiée de manière approfondie dans le contexte nigérian.
Méthodes: Une étude communautaire a été menée dans la mairie de Konduga. Une procédure d’échantillonnage en plusieurs étapes a été utilisée pour sélectionner 400 dyades mères-enfants. À l’aide d’un questionnaire administré par intervieweur, on a recueilli de l’information sur les antécédents d’otite moyenne chez les enfants, les caractéristiques sociodémographiques, et l’usage et l’exposition au tabac du ménage. L’analyse bi-variée et la régression logistique ont été utilisées pour explorer les associations et les prédicteurs.
Résultats: La majorité des mères avaient soit des études Coraniques 194 (48,5%) ou pas d’éducation formelle 137 (34,3%) et étaient principalement des artisans / commerçants 123 (30,8%) ou des femmes ménagères 221 (55,3%). Seulement 79 (19,8%) avaient plus de deux familles vivant ensemble, 16% des pères étaient des fumeurs quotidiens actuels alors que dans 31,3% des ménages, le tabagisme est fait sur une base quotidienne. Environ un quart (24,8%) des enfants de l’étude avaient souffert d’otite moyenne alors que seulement 11,7% avaient plus d’un épisode. Le tabagisme quotidien des ménages augmente la probabilité d’avoir une otite moyenne jusqu’à cinq fois (OR 4,8; IC 95% 2,5 - 9,2).
Conclusion: L’exposition à la fumée de tabac au niveau du ménage était significativement associée à l’otite moyenne. Les mères et les enfants n’ont souvent aucun contrôle sur la décision de fumer à la maison, par conséquent une sensibilisation proactive de la communauté devrait être encouragée.
Mots clés: Tabagisme, otite moyenne, tabagisme domestique, enfants
Correspondence: Dr. A.O. Adebiyi, Department of Community Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria, E-mail: adebiyi200120022@yahoo.com
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