Apstrakt
Background: Preteens are children not yet 13 years of age especially those between ages 9 and 12 years. Generally, children are known to be affected by dental caries. Globally, 60-90% of school children have dental caries. In Nigeria, the prevalence of dental caries in the 1970s and early 1980s was high. It ranged between 32.2% and 48%. Recent studies showed irregular prevalence in both semi-urban and urban settlements across the country which ranges between 10.9% and 33.5%. Some of the risk factors for dental caries include diets, bacterial plaque, tooth morphology and developmental defects, salivary flow, fluoride exposure and previous caries experience, age, gender, race and ethnicity, body mass index, special healthcare status, socio-economic status, parental and maternal age, lifestyle and attitude.
Aim: This study was aimed at determining the prevalence and risk factors of dental caries among pre-teenage children in primary and secondary schools in Ibadan.
Methodology: This study was carried out among children who were between the ages of 7 and 12 years that attend public schools in Ibadan North Local Government. Three primary schools and 3 secondary schools were randomly selected by balloting. An interviewer-administered questionnaire was used in obtaining the demographic information. Intra-oral examination was carried out under sun light to avoid distortion of findings. Caries detection was done using the classification of carious lesions by G.V. Black with its modification, and the World Health Organization (WHO) code description for scoring caries experience. Sterile mouth mirror and CPI probe were used for this purpose. Data was analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 21. Summary statistics were performed to determine the prevalence and risk factors of dental caries.
Results: Two hundred and seventy pupils participated in this study, among who are 126(46.7 %) males and 144 (53.3%) females. Among the different age groups, 23(8.5%) were 7-8yrs, 73(27.0%) were 9-10 yrs 174 (64.5%) were 11-12years. Majority (62.2%) were in primary schoolwhile37.8% were in JSS 1-3. The prevalence of dental caries was 11.1%. The factors that were statistically significant include age, frequency of snacking, deep pits and fissures, and gingivitis.
Conclusion: The prevalence of dental caries among the pre-teenage school children in Ibadan is as high as it has been for many years. The identified risk factors for dental caries in this study include age, frequency of snacking, presence of deep pits and fissures, and gingivitis.
Keywords: School children, Dental caries, Risk factors
Résumé
Contexte: Les préadolescents sont des enfants de moins de 13 ans, en particulier ceux âgés de 9 à 12 ans. En général, les enfants sont connus pour être atteints de caries dentaires. Dans le monde, 60 à 90% des écoliers ont des caries dentaires. Au Nigéria, la prévalence des caries dentaires dans les années 70 et au début des années 80 était élevée. Il variait entre 32,2% et 48%. Des études récentes ont montré une prévalence irrégulière dans les habitations semi-urbains et urbains du pays, qui varie entre 10,9% et 33,5%. Certains des facteurs de risque de caries dentaires comprennent les régimes alimentaires, la plaque bactérienne, la morphologie dentaire et les anomalies du développement, le flux salivaire, l’exposition au fluorure et l’expérience antécédente de la carie, l’âge, le sexe, la race et l’origine ethnique, l’indice de masse corporelle, le statut de santé particulier, le statut socio-économique, âge des parents et de la mère, style de vie et attitude.
Objectif: Cette étude visait à déterminer la prévalence et les facteurs de risque des caries dentaires parmi les préadolescents des écoles primaires et secondaires d’Ibadan.
Méthodologie: Cette étude a été menée parmi les enfants âgés de 7 à 12 ans qui fréquentent les écoles publiques dans la commune d’Ibadan Nord. Trois écoles primaires et 3 écoles secondaires ont été sélectionnées au hasard par scrutin. Un questionnaire administré par intervieweur a été utilisé pour obtenir les informations démographiques. Un examen intra-oral a été réalisé sous la lumière du soleil pour éviter la distorsion des résultats. La détection de la carie a été effectuée en utilisant la classification des lésions carieuses par GV Black avec sa modification, et la description du code de l’Organisation Mondiale de la Santé (OMS) pour l’évaluation de l’expérience de la carie.Un miroir buccal stérile et une sonde CPI ont été utilisés à cet effet.Les données ont été analysées à l’aidede SPSSversion 21.Des statistiques sommaires ont été réalisées pour déterminer la prévalence et les facteurs de risque des caries dentaires.
Résultats: Deux cent soixante-dix élèves ont participé à cette étude, parmi lesquels 126 (46,7%) garçons et 144 (53,3%) filles. Parmi les différents groupes d’âge, 23 (8,5%) étaient de 7-8 ans, 73 (27,0%) étaient de 9-10 ans 174 (64,5%) étaient de 11-12 ans. La majorité (62,2%) étaient à l’école primaire tandis que 37,8% étaient dans les classes de Sixième à la Quatrième. La prévalence des caries dentaires est de 11,1%. Les facteurs statistiquement significatifs comprennent l’âge, fréquence de grignotage, fosses et fissures profondes, et la gingivite.
Conclusion: La prévalence des caries dentaires parmi les écoliers préadolescents d’Ibadan est aussi élevée qu’elle l’a été depuis de nombreuses années. Les facteurs de risque identifiés pour les caries dentaires dans cette étude comprennent l’âge, fréquence de grignotage, présence de fosses et de fissures profondes et la gingivite.
Mots clés: écoliers, caries dentaires , facteurs de risque
Correspondence: Dr. O.E. Ayebameru, University College Hospital, (Comprehensive Health Centre, Sepeteri) Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria. E-mail: brodashow@yahoo.com
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