Apstrakt
Background and objectives: Uterine leiomyomata are benign tumours of smooth muscle origin with protean symptomatology, and are the most common gynaecological tumour in women of reproductive age. This study aims at documenting the clinicopathological features of leiomyomata in Gombe, North-eastern Nigeria.
Materials and methods: Cases were identified from the diagnosis register of the Department of Histopathology of the Federal Medical Centre, Gombe, Nigeria between 2000 and 2005. The request forms, slides and tissue blocks were retrieved. The tissues were previously fixed in 10% formol saline and the slides stained with haematoxylin and eosin. The cases were diagnosed based on standard diagnostic criteria.
Results: The age range was 20-54 years with the highest number of cases (76.1%) occurring between 25-39 years. Ninety-four (64.5%) cases had myomectomy while 52 (35.5%) had hysterectomy. Over 52% of patients with uterine fibroids were nulliparous, while 23.7% and 13.6% were within the parity 1-2 and 3-4 respectively. The commonest presenting clinical feature was low abdominal swelling in 63.4% of cases. Other clinical features were menorrhagia (48.2%), infertility (47.3%) and recurrent abortions (3.6%). The following degenerative changes were encountered; hyaline change (50.6%), cystic change (6.8%) dystrophic calcification (6.2%), myxoid degeneration (4.1%), and necrosis (2.1%). Fibroids were associated with adenomyosis in 48 (32.9%) of cases. Cellular leiomyomata were seen in three (2.1%) cases while there was only one (0.7%) case of atypical leiomyoma.
Conclusion: Uterine leiomyoma has been shown to be a common problem in this environment occurring predominantly in nulliparous women and presenting mainly with abdominal swelling and menorrhagia with hyaline change as the commonest degenerative change.
Keywords: Uterine leiomyomata myomectomy, nullioparous; tumour, Gombe.
Résumé
Les léiomyomes utérines sont des tumeurs bénignes d’origine des muscles lisses avec une symptomatologie proteane, et sont les tumeurs gynécologiques les plus commun chez les femmes a l’âge de la reproduction. Cette étude avait pour but de documenter les caractéristiques clinicopathologiques de léiomyomes à Gombe, Nord-est, Nigeria. Les cas étaient identifiés après diagnostic
enregistrés au département d’histopathologie, Centre médical Fédéral, Gombe, Nigeria entre 2000 - 2005. Les formes, gouttes épaisses, et les tissues préservées avec 10%formol salé et teintées avec l’ hématoxyline et l’éosine. Les cas étaient diagnostiqués a base des critères standards. L’âge variait entre 20-54 ans avec le nombre le plus élevé des cas de (76.1%) entre l’âge de 25- 39 ans. Quatre vingt quatre (64.5%) c des cas de était de myomectomie tandis que 52 (35.5%) était de hystérectomie. Plus de 52% des patients ayant des fibroïnes utérines étaient après plusieurs accouchements, tandis que 23.7% et 13.6% étaient entre la parité de 1-2 et 3-4 respectivement. Le plus commun des signes cliniques était l’inflammation abdominale inferieur chez 63.4% des cas. Autres signes cliniques étaient la ménorragie (48.2%), infertilité (47.3%) et les avortements récurrents (3.6%). Les changements dégénératifs suivants étaient enregistrés, changement d’hyaline (50.6%), changement cystique (6.8%) calcification dystrophique (6.2%), dégénération myxoide (4.1%), et nécrose (2.1%). Les fibroïnes étaient associées avec l’adenomyose chez 48 (32.9%) des cas. Les léiomyomes cellulaires étaient observes chez trois (2.1%) cas tandis qu’il avait un seul cas (0.7%) de léiomyome atypique. La léiomyome utérine a été démontré étant un problème environnemental commun survenant généralement chez les femmes ayant eu plusieurs accouchements et présentant l’inflammation abdominal, la ménorragie avec le changement d’hyaline comme le changement dégénératif le plus commun.
Correspondence: Dr. Ahmed A. Mayun, Histopathology Department, University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital, PMB 1414, Maiduguri, Nigeria
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