Povzetek
Background: Alcohol-related disorders are major causes of morbidity and mortality globally. Previous studies have reported the acute effects of local gin on hepatic functions. This study evaluated the effect of chronic administration of local gin (Ogogoro) on liver enzymes, liver histology and oxidative stress biomarkers in adult male Wistar rats.
Methods: Twenty adult male Wistar rats were divided into four groups of 5 rats each. Group I (control) received 2 ml/kg normal saline and Groups II-IV received 3.5 ml/kg, 7.0 ml/kg, and 14.0 ml/kg of local gin (Ogogoro) by oral gavage respectively for 60 days. Following administration, liver enzymes [aspartate amino transferase (AST), alanine amino transferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP)] and biomarkers of oxidative stress [malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD)] were determined in the serum and hepatic histology was carried out. Data were presented as Mean ± SEM and analysed using one way ANOVA.
Results: The result showed significant increases in the serum levels of ALP, AST and ALT following administration of the local gin compared to the control (p<0.05). Malondialdehyde level was increased significantly in all treated groups while SOD, GPx and CAT levels were significantly decreased in the local gin treated groups compared to the control (p <0.05). Widespread liver damage evidenced by steatosis and periportal inflammations were observed in the groups administered the local gin compared to the control.
Conclusion: Local gin causes hepatotoxicity probably through initiation of oxidative stress which is not diminished by chronic exposure.
Keywords: Local gin, Liver enzymes, Hepatotoxicity, Lipid peroxidation.
Résumé
Contexte : Les troubles liés à l’alcool sont des causes importantes de morbidité et de mortalité dans le monde. Des études antérieures ont rapporté les effets aigus du gin local sur les fonctions hépatiques. Cette étude a évalué l’effet de l’administration chronique de gin local (Ogogoro/Koutoukou) sur les enzymes hépatiques, l’histologie du foie et les biomarqueurs du stress oxydatif chez les rats Wistar mâles adultes.
Méthodes : Vingt rats Wistar mâles adultes ont été divisés en quatre groupes de 5 rats chacun. Le groupe I (témoin) a reçu 2 ml / kg de solution saline normale et les groupes II-IV ont reçu 3,5 ml / kg, 7,0 ml / kg et 14,0 ml / kg de gin local (Ogogoro/Koutoukou) par gavage oral respectivement pendant 60 jours. Après administration, enzymes hépatiques [aspartate aminotransférase (AST), alanine amino transférase (ALT) et phosphatase alcaline (ALP)] et biomarqueurs du stress oxydatif [malondialdéhyde (MDA), catalase (CAT), glutathion peroxydase ( GPx ) et super oxydedismutase (SOD)] ont été déterminés dans le sérum et une histologie hépatique a été réalisée. Les données ont été présentées sous forme de moyenne ± SEM et analysées à l’ aide d’ANOVA unidirectionnelle.
Résultats: Le résultat a montré une augmentation significative des niveaux sériques d’ALP, d’AST et d’ALT après l’administration du gin local par rapport au contrôle (p<0,05). Le niveau de malondialdéhyde a augmenté de manière significative dans tous les groupes traités tandis quelesniveaux deSOD,GPxetCATontété significativement diminués dans les groupes traités au ginlocal par rapport au contrôle (p<0,05).Des lésions hépatiques généralisées mises en évidence par unestéatoseet desinflammationspéri-portales ontété observées dans les groupes ayantreçule gin local par rapport au témoin.
Conclusion : le gin local provoque une hépatotoxicité probablement par l’initiation d’un stress oxydatif quin’est pas diminuée par une exposition chronique.
Mots-clés: Gin local, Enzymes hépatiques, Hépatotoxicité, Peroxydation lipidique.
Correpondence: Dr. C. N. Chima, Human Physiology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna, Nigeria. Email: nichodemus2020@gmail.com
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