Аннотация
Background: Health workers are at increased risk for Hepatitis B virus (HBV). Although vaccination provides protection against this virus, there is inadequate information on health workers’ knowledge, and status of vaccination.
Objective: To investigate knowledge and utilization of Hepatitis B vaccination among health workers in Ibadan, Nigeria.
Methodology: A total of 384 health care workers in secondary health facilities in Ibadan North and South West Local Government Areas of Oyo State Nigeria were surveyed. Data were collected using a 46-item validated self-administered, semi-structured questionnaire that assessed knowledge, practice and uptake of HBV vaccination. A 12 point scale was developed to assess knowledge; 0-4= poor knowledge, 5-8 =fair knowledge, 9-12= good knowledge. An 11- point practice scale was used; 0-5 as unhealthy practice and 6-11 as healthy vaccination practice.
Results: The majority (76.3%) of the respondents had a good knowledge on Hepatitis B mode of transmission. Also, 71.4% of the health workers had unhealthy practices with risk of HB viral infection. There was a low uptake of HBV vaccine as only 119 (33%) health workers have been completely vaccinated. A significant difference exits between cadre of health worker and HB vaccine use from regression analysis p=0.03
Conclusion: The finding of this study highlights the importance of Hepatitis B vaccination of HCWs in Ibadan, Nigeria where high exposure rates are combined with low levels of vaccine coverage and uptake. There is a need for reorientation of health workers coupled with subsidized Hepatitis B vaccination to HCW who are at high risk to address this gap.
Key words: Hepatitis B virus, vaccination and health care workers.
Résumé
Contexte: Les agents de santé sont à un risque accru de contracter le virus de l’hépatite B (VHB). Bien que la vaccination assure une protection contre ce virus, les informations sur l connaissances des agents de santé et leur état de vaccination sont insuffisantes.
Objectif: Pour étudier la connaissance et l’utilisation de la vaccination contre l’hépatite B chez les agents de santé à Ibadan, Nigéria.
Méthodologie: Un total de 384 agents de santé dans les établissements de santé secondaires dans les communes d’Ibadan Nord et d’Ibadan Sud-Ouest, de l’État d’Oyo, Nigéria, ont été enquêtés. Les données ont été recueillies à l’aide d’un questionnaire semi-structuré, auto-administré à 46-items validé, qui évaluait la connaissance, la pratique et la participation à la vaccination contre le VHB. Une échelle de 12 points a été développée pour évaluer la connaissance; 0-4 = mauvaise connaissance, 5-8 = connaissance passable, 9-12 = bonne connaissance. Une échelle de pratique de 11 points a été utilisée; 0-5 comme pratique malsaine et 6-11 comme pratique de vaccination saine.
Résultats: La majorité (76,3%) des répondants avaient une bonne connaissance du mode de transmission de l’hépatite B. En outre, 71,4% des agents de santé avaient des pratiques malsaines présentant un risque d’infection du virus HB. Il y avait une utilisation modique du vaccin contre le VHB car seulement 119 (33%) agents de santé ont été complètement vaccinés. Une différence significative existe dans l’analyse de régression entre le cadre des agents de santé et l’utilisation du vaccin contre le VHB p = 0,03.
Conclusion: Les résultats de cette étude soulignent l’importance de la vaccination des agents de santé contre l’hépatite B à Ibadan, Nigéria, où des taux d’exposition élevés sont associés à de bas niveaux de couverture et de participation au vaccin. Il y a un besoin pour la réorientation des agents de santé couplé à une vaccination subventionnée contre l’hépatite B des agents de santé qui sont au risque élevé pour remédier cette lacune.
Mots-clés: virus de l’hépatite B, vaccination et agents de santé.
Correspondence: Mr. S.E. Ibitoye, Department of Health Promotion and Education, Faculty of Public Health, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria. E-mail: segunmanuelgcfr@yahoo.com
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