Resumo
Background: The first Ebola virus disease (EVD) epidemic in West Africa is unprecedented in its spread, complexity and severity. Comparing responses to spread of the virus in the three most affected countries – Guinea, Sierra Leone and Liberia– with that in Nigeria, Senegal and Mali where the epidemic was quickly brought under control may guide future mitigation efforts.
Methods: Literature from Pubmed, Google,Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR), World Health Organization’s Updates and Ebola Response Reports.
Results: The epidemic spread undiagnosed for three months from Meliandou in Guinea to its four rural prefectures and its capital Conakry, two counties in Liberia and two districts in Sierra Leone. Control measures were hampered by traditional and faith healers offering inappropriate treatments, as well as secret societies encouraging unsafe burial rituals. Whereas, in Nigeria, a case imported from Liberia on 20 July 2014 was diagnosed on the 3rd day; all primary, secondary and tertiary contacts were traced. Also, at a formal meeting, officials of Lagos state government discouraged treatment of EVD by faith healers. In Senegal, a single case imported from Guinea on 20 August 2014 was diagnosed on the 9th day, treated and further spread was prevented. In Mali, there were two waves of transmissions identified on 23 October and 12 November 2014 within 15 days of importation and the epidemic was controlled.There were no cases of EVD treated by any traditional healers or faith healers in Nigeria, Senegal and Mali.
Conclusion: Education of traditional and faith healers on EVD will complement control measures for EVD epidemic.
Keywords: Responses, Ebola virus disease, epidemic, West Africa, review
Résumé
Contexte: La première épidémie de la maladie du virus Ebola (EVD) à en Afrique de l’Ouest est sans précédent dans sa propagation, complexité et gravité. Comparant les réponses à la propagation du virus dans les trois pays les plus touchésla Guinée, la Sierra Leone et le Liberia- avec celle au Nigeria, au Sénégal et au Mali où l’épidémie a été rapidement maîtrisé peut guider les futurs efforts de mitigation.
Méthodes: Les littératures provenant de Pub-Med, Google, Centrepour Control et Prévention de Maladie (CDC), Rapport de Morbiditéet Mortalité Hebdomadaire (RMMH), les mises à jour del’Organisation Mondial de la Santé et les rapports d’intervention Ebola.
Résultats: L’épidémie s’est répanduenon diagnostiquée pendant trois mois à partir de Meliandou en Guinée à ses quatre préfectures rurales et sa capitale Conakry, deux comtés au Libéria et deux districts en Sierra Leone. Les mesures de contrôle ont été entravées par les guérisseurs traditionnels et religieux offrant des traitements inappropriés, ainsi que les sociétés secrètes encourageant les rituels funéraires dangereux. Tandis que, au Nigeria, un cas importé du Libéria le 20 Juillet 2014 a été diagnostiqué sur le 3eme jour; tous les contacts primaires, secondaires et tertiaires ont été tracées. Aussi, lors d’une réunion formelle, les responsables du gouvernement de l’Étatde Lagos ontdécouragé le traitement del’EVD par les guérisseurs. Au Sénégal, un seul cas importé de la Guinée, le 20 Août 2014 a été diagnostiqué le 9eme jour, traité et propagation ultérieur était évitée. Au Mali, il y avait deux vagues de transmissions identifiées le 23 Octobre et 12 Novembre 2014, pendant les 15 jours de l’importation et l’épidémie était contrôlée. Il n’y avait eu aucun cas d’EVD traités par des guérisseurs traditionnels ou guérisseurs religieux au Nigeria, Sénégal et Mali.
Conclusion: L’éducation des guérisseurs traditionnels et religieux sur l’EVD complémentera les mesures de contrôle pour l’épidémie d’EVD.
Mots-clés: Réponses, Maladie du virus Ebola, épidémie, Afrique de l’Ouest, Revue
Correspondence: Prof. A.G. Falade, Department of Paediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria. E-mail: afalade33@hotmail.com
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