Palavras-chave
Child health
Health care worker
immunisation
micro-nutrients knowledge and practices
Resumo
Background: Nigeria along with other low-income
countries still contribute significantly to the high
under–five mortality globally, hindering the attainment
of the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 3:2, as
these deaths are caused by five major preventable
diseases. At the community level, Primary Health
Care Workers (PHCWs) are the major source of
information for caregivers on key child health
practices to help prevent these diseases, however,
knowledge of PHCWs in Nigeria about these
practices are yet to be fully assessed.
Objectives: The objective of the study was to assess
the knowledge and practice of PHCWs in primary
health care centers, related to five key child health
practices, and to determine correlates and factors
associated with the depth of knowledge of PHCWs
on the key practices in Ibadan, Nigeria.
Subjects and Methods: This cross–sectional study
was carried out to assess PHCWs’ knowledge and
practice regarding five key child health practices
(exclusive breastfeeding, infant immunisation, micro
nutrient supplementation, hygiene among mothers and
caregivers, and prevention of malaria), and a 3-stage
sampling technique was used to select 6 local
governments, 52 primary health centres, and 160
PHCWs. A self-administered questionnaire was used.
A score of 1 was given for each correct answer,
while a total score of e” 60% was considered ‘good’.
Descriptive and inferential statistics were utilised in
analysing data with level of significance set at P<0.05.
Results: Out of 157 PHCWs, ninety two percent
were females, 83% married, 35% aged between 40–
49 years and 31% were in the SCHEW cadre. Fifty
five percent had attended training sessions on the
key child health practices. On knowledge, 67.5%,
88.5%, 20.4%, 65.6%, and 91.1% of respondents
correctly defined exclusive breastfeeding, indicated
the number of times a child should be vaccinated,
defined micro-nutrient, and sleeping under ITNs
respectively. Only 28% of the respondents had a good
knowledge score on the five key child health
practices. There was no significant difference in the
level of knowledge and duration of practice (p>0.05)
and also the level of knowledge and attendance at
training courses on key child health practices (p>0.05).
Conclusion: The study reveals that the knowledge
of primary health care workers on some of the key
child health practices is sub-optimal.
Referências
WHO | Zinc supplementation in the management
of diarrhoea. WHO [Internet]. 2015 [cited 2019
Jan 10]; Available from: https://www.who.int/
elena/titles/bbc/zinc_diarrhoea/en/
Meremikwu M, Udoh E, Esu E, Chibuzor M,
Effa E, Oduwole O, et al. Facility-Based
treatment of underfive diarrhoea in Cross River
State A clinical audit. Niger J Paediatr [Internet].
;42(4):314–8. Available from: http://
www.njpaediatrics.com/2015/v42n4/6FacilityBased treatment of underfive diarrhoea in Cross
River State A clinical audit.html
UNICEF. Newborn Health in Humanitarian
Settings: Field Guide [Internet]. 2018. Available
from: www.unicef.org
Malnutrition | UNICEF West and Central Africa
[Internet]. [cited 2022 Jun 20]. Available from:
https://www.unicef.org/wca/malnutrition
EXCLUSIVE BREASTFEEDING
COMPLEMENTARY FEEDING VITAMIN A
Essential Nutrition Actions. 2013 [cited 2022 Jun
; Available from: www.who.int
Kalyango JN, Rutebemberwa E, Alfven T, Ssali
S, Peterson S, Karamagi C. Performance of
community health workers under integrated
community case management of childhood
illnesses in Eastern Uganda. Malar J [Internet].
Aug 20 [cited 2022 Jun 20];11(1):1–13.
Available from: https://
malariajournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/
1186/1475-2875-11-282
Jibo AM, Iliyasu Z, Abubakar IS, Umar LM,
Hassan AM. Community-integrated
management of childhood Illnesses (C-IMCI) and
key household practices in Kano, Northwest
Nigeria. Sub-Saharan African J Med [Internet].
[cited 2022 Jun 20];1(2):70. Available from:
https://www.ssajm.org/article.asp?issn=2384-
;year=2014;volume=1;issue=2;spage=70;epage=76;aulast=Jibo
OE Omunagbe, KI Adediran, and SO Bamidele
Nigeria. NIGERIA DEMOGRAPHIC AND
HEALTH SURVEY 2013 National Population
Commission Federal Republic of Nigeria Abuja.
;
NDHS. Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey
Niger Demogr Heal Surv 2013 Natl Popul
Comm Fed Repub Niger [Internet]. 2014;1–400.
Available from: https://dhsprogram.com/pubs/pdf/
FR293/FR293.pdf
The Federal Republic of Nigeria Nigeria
Demographic and Health Survey 2018 National
Population Commission Abuja, Nigeria [Internet].
Available from: www.DHSprogram.com.
Bryce J, Terreri N, Victora CG, Mason E,
Daelmans B, Bhutta ZA, et al. Countdown to
: tracking intervention coverage for child
survival. Lancet (London, England) [Internet].
Sep 23 [cited 2018 Sep 24];368(9541):1067–
Available from: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/
retrieve/pii/S0140673606693392
Jones G, Steketee RW, Black RE, Bhutta ZA,
Morris SS, Bellagio Child Survival Study Group.
How many child deaths can we prevent this year?
Lancet (London, England) [Internet]. 2003 Jul 5
[cited 2018 Sep 24];362(9377):65–71. Available
from: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/
S0140673603138111
V. LTBJO. Integrated management of childhood
illness: a summary of first experiences. Bull World
Health Organ. 1999;77(7):582–94.
Arifeen SE, Hoque DE, Akter T, Rahman M,
Hoque ME, Begum K, et al. Effect of the
Integrated Management of Childhood Illness
strategy on childhood mortality and nutrition in a
rural area in Bangladesh: a cluster randomised
trial. Lancet. 2009 Aug 7;374(9687):393–403.
Santos FS, Hunaldo L, Saldan PC, Stabnow FC.
Breastfeeding and Acute Diarrhea Among
Children. 2016;25(1):1–8.
UNDESA. World Economic and Social Survey
: Sustainable Development Challenges
[Internet]. United Nations, Department for
Economic and Social Affairs. 2013. 1–175 p.
Available from: http://esa.un.org/wpp/
documentation/pdf/WPP2012_ KEY
FINDINGS.pdf
Arifeen S El, Blum LS, Emdadul Hoque DM,
Chowdhury EK, Khan R, Black PRE, et al.
Integrated Management of Childhood Illness
(IMCI) in Bangladesh: Early findings from a
cluster-randomised study. Lancet. 2004 Oct
;364(9445):1595–602.
Baqui AH, Black RE, El Arifeen S, Yunus M,
Chakraborty J, Ahmed S, et al. Effect of zinc
supplementation started during diarrhoea on
morbidity and mortality in Bangladeshi children:
community randomised trial. BMJ.
;325(7372):1059.
Sankar MJ, Sinha B, Chowdhury R, Bhandari
N, Taneja S, Martines J, et al. Optimal
breastfeeding practices and infant and child
mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Acta Paediatr [Internet]. 2015;104:3–13.
Available from: http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/
apa.13147
Gera T, Shah D, Garner P, Richardson M,
Sachdev HS. Integrated management of
childhood illness (IMCI) strategy for children
under five. Cochrane Database Syst Rev
[Internet]. 2016 Jun 22 [cited 2022 Jun
;2016(6):1. Available from: /pmc/articles/
PMC4943011/
O.M E. Using community based interventions to
improve disease prevention practices of
caregivers of under – 5’s in Ile-Ife, south –
western Nigeria. SA J child Heal. 2010;4(2):32-
Koce F, Randhawa G, Ochieng B. Understanding
healthcare self-referral in Nigeria from the
service users’ perspective: A qualitative study of
Niger state. Vol. 19, BMC Health Services
Research. BioMed Central Ltd.; 2019.
Teekhasaenee T, Kaewkiattikun K.
Birth
Preparedness and Complication Readiness
Practices Among Pregnant Adolescents in
Bangkok, Thailand. Adolesc Health Med
Ther. 2020 Jan;Volume 11:1–8.
Alenoghena I. AAO. AC. EE. Primary health
care in Nigeria: strategies and constraints in
implementation. . Int J community Res.
;3(3):74–9.
Okonkwo p., Osibogun A. OC. Knowledge and
practice of different cadres of community health
workers (CHWs) as related to the management
of acute respiratory infections (ARIS) in
Anambra state, Nigeria. Niger J Clin Pract.
;5:37–40.
Abdu H, Olosunde Z, Awogbenja M, Zango A.
Assessing the Capacity of Community Health
Workers on the Current Management of
childhood Diarrhea in Jigawa state, Nigeria. Jos
J Med. 2013;5(1):27–31.
Rowe A.K., Osterholt D.M., Kouane J.,
Piercefield E., Herman K.M., Onikpo F., Larna
M. DMS. Trends in Health Worker Performance Integrated Management
of Childhood Illness Strategy in Benin. Trop Med
Int Heal. 2012;17(4):438–46.
Kassier S.M. VFJ. Cry, the Beloved Bottle:
Infant – Feeding Knowledge and Practice of
Mothers and Caregivers in an Urban Township
outside Bloemfortein, Free State Province. S Afr
J Clin Nutr. 2013;26(1):17–22.
Adeyemi O.A OOE. How can we really improve
child care practices in Nigeria?. . Heal Promot
Int. 2012;29(2):369–77.
Oyo (State, Nigeria) - Population Statistics,
Charts, Map and Location [Internet]. [cited 2021
Sep 15]. Available from: http://
w ww. ci t y p op u la t io n. d e/ p hp / ni ger ia -
admin.php?adm1id=NGA031
Detailed Information of the 33 Local
Governments In Brief – Oyo State Government
[Internet]. [cited 2020 Oct 8]. Available from:
IBADAN NORTH WEST LOCAL
GOVERNMENT – Oyo State Government
[Internet]. [cited 2021 Oct 25]. Available from:
https://old.oyostate.gov.ng/ibadan-north-westlocal-government/
State L of HF in O. List of Health Facilities in
Oyo State. 2015;
Akuse R.M OEA 2002. Why health care workers
give prelacteal feed. Eur J Clin Nutr.
;56:727–34.
Utoo B.I, Ochejele S., Obulu M.A. UPM. Breast
feeding knowledge and attitudes amongst health
workers in a health care facility in south-south,
Nigeria: the need for middle level health
manpower development. Clin mother child Heal.
;9:1–5.
Abdu H.A. OZOAMD. ZAA. Assessing the
capacity of community health workers on the
current management of childhood diarrhea in
Jigawa state, Nigeria. Jos J Med. 2013;7(1):27–
Faber M. SBAJ. Breast feeding, complementary
feeding and nutritional status of 6-12 month old
infants in rural KwaZulu- Natal. SAJCN.
;20(1):16–24.
Odiit A. AB. Comparison of vaccination status
of children born in health units and those born at
home. East African Med Journal. 2003;80(1):3–
Hunt. DP. The Concept of Knowledge and how
to Measure it. J Intellect Capital. 2003;4(1):100–
Agho K.E. DMJ. OJIOSM. Determinants of
Exclusive Breastfeeding in Nigeria. BMC
Pregnancy Childbirth. 2011;11(2):1–7.
Olayemi O.D, Williams A.O, Adekugbe O.I,
Odubanjo M.O, Fayehun O, Uneke J, Ogala W
OO. Factors that Influences the practice of
Exclusive Breastfeeding in Three Regions of
Nigeria. J community Med Prim Heal care.
;26(30):43.