Resumo
Background: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is an insult to the brain from external mechanical force whose effect is exacerbated by oxidative damage. This study investigated the possible neuroprotective effects of progesterone (P) and vitamin E (E) on traumatized rat brain.
Materials & Methods: Forty five adult male Wistar rats were randomized into nine groups: I: Non-traumatized control (NTC); II: Non-traumatized and P-treated (NTP); III: Non-traumatized and E-treated (NTE); IV: Blunt-traumatized control (BTC); V: sharp-traumatized control (STC); VI: Blunt-traumatized and P-treated (BTP); VII: Blunt-traumatized and E-treated (BTE); VIII: Sharp-traumatized and P-treated (STP) and IX: Sharp-traumatized and E-treated (STE) groups. Animals were treated with P (16 mg/kg body weight) and E (500 mg/kg body weight) via oral gavage daily for five days. On day six post-TBI, behavioural tests were conducted and rats euthanized after which brains were harvested for oxidative stress markers and histologically processed by paraffin method.
Results: Behaviourally, BTC significantly (p<0.05) elevated the forelimb grip strength and transitions while reducing the number of grooms and rearings when compared with the NTC. In the BTP and BTE groups these parameters were significantly increased when compared with BTC values. Similarly, both BTC and STC elevated MDA level and significantly (p<0.05) reduced the activity of GSH, whereas the activities of SOD, CAT, and GPx were upregulated (p<0.05). Histology showed degeneration of cortical neurons in all groups that had brain injury when compared with NTC group, though this was ameliorated by vitamin in the BTE and STE groups. Histomorphometry showed significantly (p<0.05) elevated red neuronal count in BTC and STC groups which were reduced in the BTE, STP and STE groups.
Conclusion: Both BTC and STC induced oxidative stress and cortical neuronal degeneration which was reduced in the BTE, STP and STE groups. However, co-treatment of trauma with vitamin E demonstrated better neuroprotection relative to progesterone in both blunt and sharp forms of trauma.
Keywords: Traumatic brain injury, Blunt trauma, Sharp trauma, Progesterone, Vitamin E.
Résumé
Contexte : La lésion cérébrale traumatique (LCT)est une injure du cerveau causée par une force mécanique externe, dont l’effets est aggravé par un dommage oxydatif.Cette étude a examiné les effets neuroprotecteurspossiblesde la progestérone (P) et de la vitamine E (E) sur le cerveau traumatisé du rat. Matériaux et méthodes:Quarante-cinq rats Wistar mâles adultes ont été randomisés en neuf groupes: I: contrôle non traumatisé (CNT); II: non traumatisé et traité avec P (NTP); III: non traumatisé et traité avec E (NTE); IV: Contrôle contondanttraumatisé (BTC); V: contrôle de traumatisme aigu (STC); VI: traumatisé contondant et traité avec P (BTP); VII: traumatisé contondant et traité avec E (BTE); VIII: groupes traumatisés aiguset traités avec P (IX) et groupes IX: groupes traumatisés aiguset traités avec E (STE). Les animaux ont été traités avec P (16 mg / kg de poids corporel) et E (500 mg / kg de poids corporel) par gavage oral quotidiennement pendant cinq jours. Le sixième jour après laLCT, des tests comportementaux étaient effectués et les rats ont été euthanasiés, après quoi les cerveaux ont été récoltés pour déterminer les marqueurs du stress oxydatif et traités histologiquement par la méthode de la paraffine.
Résultats: Sur le plan comportemental, le BTC a significativement (p <0,05) élevé la force de préhension et les transitions de la patte antérieure tout en réduisant le nombre de toilettages et
d’élevages par rapport au CNT. Dans les groupes BTP et BTE, ces paramètres ont été significativement augmentés par rapport aux valeurs BTC. De manière similaire, BTC et STC ont élevés les taux de MDA et réduisaient significativement (p <0,05) l’activité de GSH, alors que les activités de SOD, de CAT et de GPx étaient régulées à la hausse (p <0,05). L’histologie a montré une dégénérescence des neurones corticaux dans tous les groupes ayant subi une lésion cérébrale par rapport au groupe CNT, bien qu’elle ait été améliorée par la vitamine dans les groupes BTE et STE.L’histo morphométrie amontré une augmentationsignificative (p <0,05) du nombre de neurones rouges dans les groupesBTC etSTC, qui étaient réduits dans les groupes BTE, STP et STE.
Conclusion: BTCetSTC onttous deux induit un stress oxydatif et une dégénérescence neuronale corticale qui ont été réduits dans les groupes BTE, STP et STE.Cependant, le co-traitement des traumatismes avec la vitamine E a démontré une meilleure neuro-protection parrapport à la progestérone dans les formes de traumatismes contondants et aigus.
Mots-clés: lésion cérébrale traumatique, traumatisme contondant, traumatisme aigu, progestérone, vitamine E.
Correspondence: Prof. A.O. Malomo, Department of Anatomy and Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria. E-mail: aomalomo@yahoo.com; oowoeye2001@yahoo.com
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