Resumo
Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB), an infectious disease prevalent in the tropics especially in Africa and Asia is one of the highest causes of morbidity and mortality and a global concern. With increasing resistance of the pathogen, to existing anti-tuberculosis drugs and the synergy between TB infection and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), the need for development of new drugs to cope with the infection is urgent.
Objective: Extracts from 16 plants identified and selected from the ethnomedicine of the Ijebus in Southwestern Nigeria as remedies for tuberculosis were evaluated for activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, in vitro.
Methodology: Plant extracts were screened against clinical isolate of Mycobacterium tuberculosis using agar plate method on Middlebrook 7H11 medium and observed for 12 weeks.
Results: The crude aqueous methanol extracts showed varying degrees of activity at concentrations of 0.025 – 100 mg/mL. Ocimum grattisimum (leaf) demonstrated the highest activity with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 0.025 mg/mL. Two standard anti-tuberculosis drugs; rifampicin and isoniazid, included in the assay had MIC values of 0.01 mg/mL and 0.0005 mg/mL, respectively.
Conclusion: The results of the study confirm the ethnopharmacological uses of some of the plants for TB indicating their potential as sources for the discovery of anti-tuberculosis drugs.
Keywords: Mycobacterium tuberculosis, MTB clinical isolate, medicinal plants, SW Nigerian ethnomedicine
Résumé
Introduction : La tuberculose (TB), une maladie infectieuse répandue dans les régions tropicales notamment en Afrique et en Asie, est l’une des plus grandes causes de morbidité et de mortalité de préoccupation mondiale. Avec une résistance accrue du pathogène aux médicaments antituberculeux existants, la synergie entre l’infection tuberculeuse et syndrome d’immunodéficience acquise (SIDA) démontraient la nécessité de développer de nouveaux médicaments pour faire face à l’infection est urgente.
Méthodologie: Des extraits de 16 plantes identifiées et sélectionnées à partir de l’ethnomédecine des Ijebus au sud-ouest du Nigeria comme remèdes contre la tuberculose ont été évalués pour leur activité in vitro contre les mycobactéries tuberculeuse. Les extraits de plantes ont été testés contre les isolats cliniques de Mycobactéries tuberculeuse en utilisant la méthode de la plaque de gélose sur milieu Middle brook 7H11 et observés pendant 12 semaines.
Résultats: Les extraits du méthanol aqueux brut ont montré des degrés d’activité à des concentrations variant de 0,025 à 100 mg / ml. Les feuille d’Ocimum grattisimum ont demontré la plus forte activité avec une concentration minimale inhibitrice (CMI) de 0,025 mg / ml, comparable au deux médicaments antituberculeux standard, la rifampicine et à l’isoniazide, inclus dans l’essai avec des valeurs de CMI de 0,01 mg / ml et 0,0005 mg / ml, respectivement. En conclusion, les résultats de l’étude confirment les utilisations ethno-pharmacologiques de certaines plantes et indiquant leur potentiel source de découverte de médicaments antituberculeux.
Correspondence: Edith O. Ajaiyeoba, Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria. E-mail: e.jaiyeoba@mail.ui.edu.ng., edajaiye@yahoo.com
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