Resumo
Aim: The study evaluated how a child’s residential location could possibly be a risk factor for caries independent of the child’s socio-economic status.
Method: Information on the patients’ demography, feeding practices and practices related to oral health were obtained from mothers of 369 preschool children. These children reside in either an urban, periurban or rural settlements in Lagos, Nigeria. The children were examined for dental caries and a diagnosis of either “Rampant caries”, “Caries” or “No Caries” was made. Each child’s oral hygiene was evaluated using the oral hygiene index by Greene and Vermillion. The association between residential location and socioeconomic status, duration of breast feeding, night feeding practice, oral hygiene status, tooth cleaning frequency and the dmft score was assessed.
Result: The dmft was highest amongst children who resided in the rural area. Also, children from the rural and periurban areas were breastfed longer than those in the urban area (p=0.006). There was significant difference in the pattern of breastfeeding between rural and urban children with children in the urban area more likely to be fed on demand and at bedtime, while children from the rural area were more likely to have schedule feeding (p=0.0004). On logistic regression, the practice of night feeding and the socioeconomic status were the only factor determining dental caries risk in residential locations: the risk of having caries increased by 23% with a level decrease in the socio-economic status. Also, the risk of caries increased by 14% with the practice of night feeding.
Conclusion: The child’s residential area was associated with infant feeding practices that could predispose preschool children to caries. A preschool child’s residential location should be considered a possible predisposing risk factor for caries independent of the possible association between residential location and socioeconomic status.
Keywords: Evaluated, residential, location, socio-economic
Résumé
L’étude évaluait comment le lieu de résidence d’un enfant pourrait être un facteur à risqué de la carie dentaire Independent du statut socio-économique de l’enfant.Les informations des patients sur la démographie, les horaires des repas, les pratiques liées à l’hygiène orale étaient obtenues des mères de 369 enfants. Ces enfants résident soit dans les zones urbaines, périurbaines ou rurales de Lagos, Nigeria. Les enfants étaient examinés pour les caries dentaires et un diagnostic soit de ‘caries rampantes» ou caries absentes » était faite. L’hygiène orale de chaque enfant était évaluée en utilisant l’indice d’hygiène orale de Greene et Vermillion. L’association entre le lieu de résidence et le statut socio-économique, la durée de l’allaitement, les pratiques alimentaires nocturnes, le statut de l’hygiène orale, la fréquence de nettoyage des dents et le résultat du dmft était évalué. Le dmft était plus élevé parmi les enfants qui résidaient dans la zone rurale. Les enfants des zones rurales et périurbaines étaient plus allaités que ceux des zones urbaines (p=0.006). Il y avait une différence significative dans la fréquence d’allaitement entre les enfants des zones rurales et urbaines avec les enfants des zones urbaines probablement plus nourris sur demande and au couchée, cependant les enfants de la zone rurale étaient probablement un plan d’alimentation (p=0.0004). La régression logistique, la pratique de l’alimentation nocturne et le statut socioéconomique étaient les facteurs déterminants a risque de la carie dentaire dans ces habitats. Les risques d’avoir la carie dentaire augmentait de 23% avec une réduction du statut socio économique. Aussi, Le risque de la carie augmentait de 14% avec la pratique de l’alimentation nocturne.Le lieu de résidence de l’enfant était associé avec les pratiques alimentaires de l’enfant qui pourrait prédisposer les jeunes enfants a la carie. L’habitat d’un enfant de la maternelle pourrait être considéré comme un potentiel facteur a risqué des caries dentaires indépendamment des possibles associations entre l’habitat et le statut-socio-économique.
Correspondence: M.O Folayan, Department of Child Dental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife E-mail: toyinukpong@yahoo.co.uk
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