Samenvatting
Introduction: Dermatoglyphic traits in conjunction with other morphological, molecular and biochemical markers are extremely important in biological anthropology to explore affinities and differences between human population groups. Towards this end, not much work has been documented for sub-Saharan African subjects.
Materials and methods: Bilateral finger and palmar prints were obtained by the standard technique of Cummins and Midlo on samples of Nigerians of different tribes namely Ibos, Yorubas, Hausas and Urhobos, Kenyans and Tanzanians, Malawians and Zimbabweans, who are apparently physically healthy subjects and whose parents and grandparents were from the countries indicated above. The palmar prints obtained were classified into arches, loops and whorls. Ridge count, atd angles and pattern intensity indices were calculated according to standard methods.
Results: Ulnar loops were the most predominant palmar digital ridge patterns observed in all the studied subjects. However, the percentage frequencies of these loops vary between the regions with the East Africans having a higher percentage than Nigerians. Among South Africans, Zimbabweans had higher percentage of ulnar loops than Malawians especially the female subjects. Furthermore, the Southern Africans had the highest percentages of arches when compared with West and East Africans. The mean TFRC was highest in Southern Africans, high in East Africans but least in Nigerians while the mean atd angle and a-b ridge counts were highest in East Africans high in Southern Africans and again least in Nigerians except for Malawian females. PII values were, however, highest in Nigerians than East and Southern Africans whose values were less than 10.
Conclusion: This study has demonstrated significant regional dermatoglyphic variability between
Nigerians, East and Southern Africans in atd angles a-b ridge counts, TFRC and PII an indication of the
usefulness of dermatoglyphic traits in the study of population dynamics. However, inspite of these
differences, sub-Saharan African populations fit within the well-established clinal distribution of traits,
showing a comparatively high whorl frequency among northernly located population groups.
Keywords: Palmar, digital, dermatoglyphics, sub – Saharan, African subjects.
Résumé
Introduction : Les traits dermatoglyphes en conjonction avec d’autres marqueurs morphologiques, moléculaires et biochimiques, sont extrêmement importants en anthropologie biologique pour explorer les affinités et les différences entre les groupes de population humaine. À cette fin, peu de travaux ont été documentés sur des sujets d’Afrique subsaharienne.
Matériels et méthodes : Des empreintes digitales et palmaires bilatérales ont été obtenues selon la technique standard de Cummins et Midlo sur des échantillons de différentes tribus Nigérianes notamment Ibos, Yorubas, Haoussas et Urhobos, Kenyans et Tanzaniens, Malawiens et Zimbabwéens, sujets apparemment en bonne santé physique dont les parents et grands-parents étaient originaires des pays indiqués ci-dessus. Les empreintes ulnaires obtenues ont été classées en arches, boucles et tours. Le
dénombrement de la crête, les angles atd et les indices d’intensité de motif ont été calculés selon les méthodes standard.
Résultats : Les boucles ulnaires étaient les motifs numériques de crêtes palmaires observés les plus prédominants chez tous les sujets étudiés. Cependant, les fréquences en pourcentage de ces boucles varient d’une région à l’autre, les pourcentages étant plus élevés chez les Africains de l’Est que chez les Nigérians. Parmi les Africains du Sud, les Zimbabwéens présentaient un pourcentage plus élevé de boucles ulnaires que les Malawiens, en particulier les sujets féminins. En outre, les pourcentages d’arcades étaient les plus élevés parmi les Africains du Sud, par rapport aux Africains de l’Ouest et de l’Est. La TFRC moyenne était plus élevée parmi les Africains du Sud, élevée parmi les Africains de l’Est, mais moins chez les Nigérians, tandis que les dénombrements moyens entre angles et arêtes étaient plus élevés chez les Africains de l’Est et élevés parmi les Africains du Sud, mais encore moins chez les Nigérians, à l’exception des Malawiennes. Les valeurs PII étaient toutefois plus élevées chez les
Nigérians que chez les Africains de l’Est et du Sud dont les valeurs étaient inférieures à 10.
Conclusion : Cette étude a démontré une importante variabilité des dermatoglyphes régionales entre les Nigérians, les Africains de l’Est et du Sud - dans le nombre des angles atd de crêtes ab, TFRC et PII une indication de l’utilité des traits dermatoglyphes dans l’étude de la dynamique des populations. Cependant, malgré ces différences, les populations d’Afrique subsaharienne s’inscrivent dans la distribution clinal bien établie des traits, la distribution, montrant une fréquence de spores relativement élevée parmi les groupes de population situés au nord.
Mots - clés : Palmaire, numérique, dermatoglyphes, subsaharienne, sujets africains.
Correspondence: Prof. P.S. Igbigbi, Department of Anatomy, College of Health Sciences, Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria. E-mail: pigbigbi@gmail.com
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