Absztrakt
Background: A stable tear film with normal flow is essential for preserving a clear cornea. When the tear film becomes insufficient to support the surface of the eye due to a lack of production of tears or a decrease in stability of tears, dry eye syndrome (DES) occurs. DES is a common disorder of the tear film. It affects a significant percentage of the population, especially women. The onset of dry eye is very common during menopause and may result from the loss of hormonal support.
Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of sex hormone on tear volume and stability in postmenopausal Nigerian women.
Method: This study was a cross sectional experimental study. Twenty postmenopausal women aged 50 to 55 years (mean age 52 ± 2.32) and twenty premenopausal women aged 45 to 52 years (mean age 50 ± 2.13) were selected by systematic random sampling. Schirmer’s tear test and the noninvasive tear break up time (NITBUT) test were performed on the women. Serum levels of estradiol, progesterone and testosterone were determined.
Results: The differences in mean tear volume, (t=14.74, p<0.0001) and tear stability, (t=11.28, p<0.04) between the postmenopausal and premenopausal women were statistically significant. Tear volume was positively correlated with testosterone (r=0.276, p > 0.05) and progesterone (r=0.227, p > 0.05) but negatively correlated with estradiol (r=0.141, p > 0.05) in the postmenopausal group, with no statistically significant associations.
Conclusion: Changes in hormone levels that occur in menopause affect tear volume and tear stability.
Keywords: Tears, menopause, volume, stability, hormones.
Résumé
Introduction : Une stable taie de larme avec flux normal est essentielle pour préservée une cornée claire. Quand la taie de larme devient insuffisante pour supporter la surface de l’œil dû au manque de production des larmes ou une baisse en stabilité des larmes, le syndrome de l’œil sec (DES) survient. DES est un désordre commun de la taie de larme. Il affecte un pourcentage significatif de la population, spécialement les femmes. L’occurrence de l’œil sec est très commune durant la ménopause et peut en résulter de la perte du support hormonal.
Objective : Le but de cette étude était de repartir l’effet du sexe hormone sur le volume et stabilité de larme dans les femmes nigérianes post-ménopausée.
Méthode : Cette étude était une étude expérimentale à cross section. Vingt femmes post-ménopausées âgées de 50 à 55 ans (âge moyen 52 2,32) et vingt femmes pré-ménopausées âgées de 45 à 52 ans (âge moyen 50 2,13) étaient choisies au hasard par échantillonnage systématique. Le Schirmer réactif de larme et la non-invasive rompure du temps (NITBUT) réactif de larme étaient effectués sur les femmes. Les niveaux de sérum de l’œstradiol, progestérone et testostérone étaient déterminés.
Résultats : Les différences en moyen de volume de larme, (t=11,28 p<0,04) entre les femmes post-ménopausées et préménopausées étaient statistiquement significatives. Le volume de larme était positivement corrélatif avec testostérone (r=0,276 p0,05) et progestérone (r=0,227 p0,05) mais négativement corrélatif avec l’œstradiol (r=0,141 p0,05) dans le groupe des post-ménopausées, sans avec associations statistiquement significatives.
Conclusion : Les changements dans les niveaux d’hormone qui se produisent dans la ménopause affectent le volume de larme et la stabilité de larme.
Mots clés: Larmes, ménopause, volume, stabilité, hormones.
Correspondence: Dr. J.A. Ebeigbe, Department of Optometry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria. E-mail: jenniferebeigbe@yahoo.com.
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