Absztrakt
The study explored home management practices for malaria by caregivers in the Military Cantonment, Ojo Lagos. Data was collected using pre-tested Focus Group Discussion guide and interviewer administered questionnaire. The 400 survey respondents were selected using the systematic sampling method while the discussion participants were purposively selected. Data analysis was done using EPI Info statistical software and thematic approaches. The mean age of respondents was 29 +15.2 years while 89.8% of respondents were biological parents of the index children. High prevalence of malaria all year round caused by mosquitoes bite was indicated by 281(70.2%) respondents, while 73 (18.3%) of the respondents reported having lost a child under 5 years old to malaria related illnesses. Preventive practices were uncoordinated while awareness and use of ITNs is low. Home management practices of childhood malaria involved the immediate treatment with medicines available in the home. Sharing of left over drugs and herbs were common practices. Home treatment was preferred because of high costs 250(62.5%), unfriendly attitude of workers 195(48.8%) and long waiting time 194(48.5%) in the health facilities. Based on the findings there is the need to institute an awareness programme aimed at improving prompt home management of malaria in the barracks.
Keywords: Malaria, caregivers, home management, children under 5 years old, military cantonment
Résumé
L’étude explorait les soins á domicile du paludisme par les donneurs de soins au canton militaire d’Ojo á Lagos. Les données étaient collectées utilisant un guide de discussion et un questionaire prétesté était administré. Les 400 participants étaient sélectionnés utilisant la méthode d’échantillons systématique alors que la discussion avec les participants étaient objectivement sélectionnés. L’analyse des données etait faite utilisant le programme statistique EPI Info et les approches thématiques. La moyenne d’age des participants était de 29 +15.2 ans et 89.8% des participants étaient des parents biologiques des enfants choisis. Une forte prévalence du paludisme toute l’année, causée par les piqures des moustiques était observée chez 281(70.2%) participants, cependant 73 (18.3%) des participants raportaient avoir perdu un enfant de moins de 5 ans suite au paludisme. Les mesures preventives étaient non coordonnées alors que la sensibilisation et l’usage des moustiquaires impregnés restent faible. Les soins á domicile du paludisme infantile demandent un traitement immédiate avec des médicaments disponibles á domicile. Le partage du reste des médicaments ou des plantes médecinales étaient une pratique commune. Le traitement á domicile était préferé á cause du cout élévé du médicament 250(62.5%), l’attitude non amicable des traitants 195(48.8%) et le long temps d’attente 194(48.5%) dans les services de santé. En se basant sur ces résultats, il est important d’instituer de programme de sensibilisation afin de promouvoir les soins urgent au paludisme dans les cantons.
Correspondence: Dr. O.S. Arulogun, Department of Health Promotion and Education, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria. Email: omoyisola2002@yahoo.com
Hivatkozások
United Nations Millennium Project. Coming to Grips with Malaria in the New Millennium. Task Force on HIV/AIDS, Malaria, TB, and Access to Essential Medicines, Working Group on Malaria. World Malaria Report 2005. Geneva. RBM/WHO/UNICEF, 2005
World Health Organization: Malaria report, WHO 2008. Geneva.
Hopkins H., Talisuna A., Whitty C.J.M. and Staedke, S.G. Impact of home-based management of malaria on health outcomes in Africa: a systematic review of the evidence. Malaria Journal 2007, 6:134.
Bledsoe C.H. and Goubaud. The Reinterpretation of Western Pharmaceuticals among the Mende of Sierra Leone. Social Science and Medicine 1985, 21 (3):313-322.
Mc Combie S.C. Self-treatment for malaria: The Evidence and the methodological issues. Health Policy and Planning 2002, 17 (4): 333-344.
Ajaiyeoba E.O., Oladepo O., Fawole O.I., Bolaji O.M., Akinboye D.O., Ogundahunsi, O.A.T., Falade C.O., Gbotoso G.O., Itiola O.A., Happi T.C., Ebong O.O., Ononiwu I.M., Osowole O.S. Oduola O.O., Ashidi A.S. and Oduola A.M.J. Cultural categorization of febrile illnesses in correlation with herbal remedies used for treatment in Southwestern Nigeria. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 2003 85: 179 – 185.
National Population Commission (NPC) [Nigeria] and ORC Macro. 2004. Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey 2003. Calverton, Maryland: National Population Commission and ORC Macro.
Tarimo D.S., Minjas J.N. and Bygbyerg I.C. Perceptions of chloroquine efficacy and Alternative Treatments for uncomplicated malaria in Children in Halo-endemic area of Tanzania: Implications for the Change of Treatment policy. Tropical Medicine and International Health 2001, 6:992-997.
Deressa W, Ali A and Enqusellassie. Knowledge Attitude and Practice (KAP) of a rural community on malaria, the mosquito vector and anti malarial in Butajira District, Southern Ethiopia. Bulletin of the World Health Organization 2003, 81(4).
Mc Combie S.C. Treatment seeking for Malaria; A review recent research. Social Science and Medicine1996, 43: 933-945.
Afolabi B.M. Malaria: The global scourge. Medi-Link Journal 2001, 2 (3): 8 – 12.
Mwabu G.M. Health care decisions at the household level: results of a rural health survey in Kenya. Social Science and Medicine1986, 22:315- 319.
Snow R.W., Trape J. and Marsh K. The Past, present and future of childhood mortality in Africa. Trends in Parasitology 2001, 17: 593-597.
Akogun O.B. and John K.K. Illness related practices for the management of childhood malaria among the Bwatiye People of North –Eastern Nigeria. Malaria Journal 2005, 4:13.
Murphy S.C. and Breman J.G. Gaps in the childhood malaria burden in Africa: cerebral malaria, neurological sequelae, anemia, respiratory distress, hypoglycemia, and complications of pregnancy. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg., 2001, 64(1_suppl): 57-67.
Schellenberg D, Menendez C, Kahigwa E, Aponte J, Vidal J, Tanner M, et al. Intermittent treatment for malaria and anaemia control at time of routine vaccinations in Tanzanian infants: a randomised, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 2001 May 12;357(9267):1471-1477.
Fawole O.I. and Onadeko M.O. Knowledge and management of malaria fever by mothers and caregivers of under 5 children. West African Journal of Medicine 2001, 20:152-157.
Salako L.A., Brieger W.R, Afolabi B.M, Umeh R.E., Agomo P.U., Asa S., Adeneye A.K., Nwankwo B.O and Akinlade C. O. Treatment of Childhood Fevers and Other Illnesses in Three Rural Nigerian Communities. Journal of Tropical Pediatrics 2001, 47(4):230-238.
Hamel, M. J., Odhacha A., Roberts J. M. and Deming M. S. Malaria control in Bungoma District, Kenya: A survey of home treatment of children with fever, bednet use and attendance at antenatal clinics. Bulletin of the World Health Organization 2001, 79:1014–1023.
Mwenesi H., Harpham, T. and. Snow R. W. Child malaria treatment among mothers in Kenya. Social Science and Medicine1995, 40:1271–1277.
Kidane G. and Morrow RH. Teaching mothers to provide home treatment of malaria in Tigray, Ethiopia: a randomised trial. Lancet 2000, 356:550-555.