संकेत शब्द
Rural Community
In-School Children
Health-inequity
Public Health
सार
Background: Gambling rates are increasing among
adolescents in rural communities. Our study aimed
to determine the prevalence, patterns, and factors
associated with gambling disorders, among in-school
adolescents in a rural community in South-western
Nigeria.
Materials and methods: The study was cross
sectional in design involving 427 adolescents
selected by a two-stage sampling method across
secondary schools in Igbo-Ora. A questionnaire
developed from literature and “The South Oaks
Gambling Screen-Revised Adolescent
Questionnaire” was used to obtain information on
sociodemographic and behavioural characteristics
and gambling practices.
Results: The mean age of the respondents was 14.0
± 2.2 years with a little over half (51.3%) in the mid
to older adolescent age group (14-17 years). The most
common forms of gambling reported were playing
dice games (46.0%), throwing rubber bands (42.5%),
and card games (41.6%) for money. The odds of
males ever gambling were two times more than
females gambling (OR=2.43, 95%CI: 1.54-3.83).
Conclusion: Gambling and problem gambling among
adolescents in rural areas is high. Males and
adolescents who use alcohol tend to gamble more.
Multi-pronged interventions through education,
youth-friendly programmes which will complement
cultural values are recommended. There’s also a need
to inculcate rehabilitation services at primary health
care facilities in rural areas to manage adolescents
who are problem gamblers.
##submission.citations##
Winters KC, Chung T, Stinchfield R, et al.
Addictions and Adolescence. Encycl Hum Behav
Second Ed 2012; 9–21.
Walker DM and Jackson JD. The Effect of
Legalized Gambling on State Government
Revenue. Contemp Econ Policy 2011; 29: 101–
Gambling disorders among in-school adolescents in a rural community
Bleakley H, Ferrie JP, Cain L, et al. Nber Working
Paper Series Shocking Behavior/ : Random
Wealth in Antebellum Georgia and Human
Capital Across Generations, http://
www.nber.org/papers/w19348 (2013).
Giroux I, Faucher-Gravel A, St-Hilaire A, et al.
Gambling exposure in virtual reality and
modification of the urge to gamble.
Cyberpsychology, Behav Soc Netw 2013; 16:
–231.
Latvala T, Lintonen T and Konu A. Public health
effects of gambling — debate on a conceptual
model. BMC Public Health 2019; 2019: 1–16.
Barry T, Franklin NG and David P. Attitudes to
gambling in Ghanaian adolescents. J Addict Res
Ther 2014; 5: 3.
Eboh VC and Babatunde O. Prevalence and
Determinants of Gambling Behaviours among
Undergraduate Students (A case study of Federal
University Oye Ekiti). J Gambl Stud 2015; 9:
–263.
Hall T. Geographies of the illicit/ : Globalization
and organized crime. 37(3). 2012; 10: 366–385.
Ratcliffe JH, Strang SJ and Taylor RB. Assessing
the success factors of organized crime groups:
Intelligence challenges for strategic thinking.
Undefined 2014; 37: 206–227.
Afifi T, Cox B, Martens P, et al. Developing a
population health framework for studying
problem gambling. Can J Community Ment Heal
; 30: 61–77.
Lemmens JS, Valkenburg PM, and Peter J.
Psychosocial causes and consequences of
pathological gaming. Comput Human Behav
; 27: 144–152.
Braverman J and Shaffer HJ. How do gamblers
start gambling: Identifying behavioural markers
for high-risk internet gambling. Eur J Public
Health 2012; 22: 273–278.
Richard AC, Monica LW, Robin C V, et al. Rural
Populations and Health: Determinants,
Disparities, and Solutions. Prev Chronic Dis; 10,
https://doi.org/10.5888/PCD10.130097 (2012).
Doran B and Young M. Predicting the spatial
distribution of gambling vulnerability: an
application of gravity modeling using ABS Mesh
Blocks. Undefined 2010; 30: 141–152.
Stinchfield RD. South Oaks Gambling Screen:
Revised for Adolescents (Sogs-Ra). 1986; 1993–
American Academy of Pediatrics C on C and
AH. American Academy of Pediatrics, Council
on Child and Adolescent Health: age limit of
pediatrics. Pediatrics; 81: 736.
Aguocha CM, Duru CB, Nwefoh EC, et al.
Attitudes towards and perception of gambling
among secondary school students in a
developing country. Int Gambl Stud 2019; 19:
–544.
Okoti D, Ogula PA and Munyua JK. Motivators
of Students ’ Involvement in Sports Betting in
Public Secondary Schools in. No, Issue Subcounty, Mumias East 2019; 7: 73–80.
Muchimba M, Burton M, Yeatman S, et al.
Behavioral Disinhibition and Sexual Risk
Behavior among Adolescents and Young Adults
in Malawi. PLoS One 2013; 8: 8–13.
Gray PB. Evolutionary and cross-cultural
perspectives on gambling. J Gambl Stud 2004;
: 347–371.
Moore SM, Thomas AC, Kalé S, et al. Problem
gambling among international and domestic
university students in Australia: who is at risk?
J Gambl Stud 2013; 29: 217–230.
Dellis A, Spurrett D, Hofmeyr A, et al. Gambling
participation and problem gambling severity
among rural and peri-urban poor South African
adults in KwaZulu-Natal. J Gambl Stud 2013;
: 417–433.
Kiwujja V and Mugisha JF. Sexual risk
associated with gambling among the youth in
Rubaga Division, Kampala. Int J Health Plann
Manage 2019; 34: 1456–1468.
Ayandele O, Popoola O and Obosi AC. Influence
of Demographic and Psychological Factors on
Attitudes Toward Sport Betting Among Young
Adults in Southwest Nigeria. J Gambl Stud 2020;
: 343–354.
Dickson L, Derevensky Jl and Gupta R. Youth
Gambling Problems: Examining Risk and
Protective Factors. Int Gambl Stud 2008; 8: 25–
Jang YB and Ryu SH. The role of parenting
behavior in adolescents’ problematic mobile
game use. Soc Behav Pers 2016; 44: 269–282.
Peltzer K and Pengpid S. Gambling behaviour
and psychosocial correlates among university
students in 23 low, middle and emerging
economy countries. Mediterr J Soc Sci 2014; 5:
–1092.
Aguocha CM, Duru CB, Nwefoh EC, et al.
Determinants of gambling among male students
in secondary schools in Imo State, Nigeria. J
Subst Use 2019; 24: 199–205.
Weinberger AH, Franco CA, Hoff RA, et al.
Cigarette smoking, problem-gambling severity,
and health behaviors in high-school students.
Addict Behav Reports 2015; 1: 40–48.
OC Uchendu, OO Olabumuyi and E Ayinmode
Huang J-H, Jacobs DF, Derevensky JL, et al.
Gambling and health risk behaviors among U.S.
college student-athletes: findings from a
national study. J Adolesc Heal Off Publ Soc
Adolesc Med 2007; 40: 390–397.
Tozzi L, Akre C, Fleury-Schubert A, et al.
Gambling among youths in Switzerland and its
association with other addictive behaviours. A
population-based study. Swiss Med Wkly 2013;
: w13768.
Nowak DE and Aloe AM. The prevalence of
pathological gambling among college students:
a meta-analytic synthesis, 2005-2013. J Gambl
Stud 2014; 30: 819–843.
Abdi TA, Ruiter RAC and Adal TA. Personal,
social and environmental risk factors of
problematic gambling among high school
adolescents in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. J Gambl
Stud 2015; 31: 59–72.
Uwiduhaye MA, Niyonsenga J, Muhayisa A, et
al. Gambling, Family Dysfunction and
Psychological Disorders: A Cross- Sectional
Study. J Gambl Stud 2021; 37: 1127–1137.
Odame SK, Quarshie EN-B, Oti-Boadi M, et al.
Adolescent Problem Gambling in Rural Ghana:
Prevalence and Gender Differentiation. J Gambl
Stud 2021; 37: 83–105.
Bitanihirwe BKY, Adebisi T, Bunn C, et al.
Gambling in Sub-Saharan Africa: Traditional
Forms and Emerging Technologies. Curr Addict
Reports 2022; 9: 373–384.
Meta Addiction Treatment. How Long Does It
Take To Break An Addiction?, https://
metaaddictiontreatment.com/how-long-tobreak-an-addiction/ (accessed 16 May 2023)