Résumé
Background: The perimenopause is often accompanied by distressing symptoms which may take their toll on the woman and her family. This study aimed to assess the possible association of the perimenopause with poor family functioning.
Methods: It was a cross-sectional, descriptive study of 132 women aged >40 years, carried out at the Department of Family Medicine of the University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria. The questionnaire included the General Functioning Scale of the Family Assessment Device, a self-report measure of family functioning that describes emotional relationships and functioning within the family. Explanatory variables were demographic data parameters and onset of menstrual irregularities, outcome variables were presence or absence of good family functionality. Categorical and continuous variables were analysed with chi-square test and students’t-test, respectively. Data analysis was with IBM SPSS Statistics 20. Ethical approval was obtained from the institutional ethical committee.
Results: Most (80.3%) of the 132 respondents were already experiencing irregular menses. The General Functioning scale scores ranged from 1.08 to 3.08. The modal score was 1.92 which was within the range of good function. Applying a standard cut-off point of 2.17, 92 (69.7%) reported good family functioning, while 40 (30.3%) reported poor family functioning. Of all socio-demographic variables assessed, being in a monogamous marriage was the only observed one significantly associated with good family functioning (p<0.01).
Conclusion: These middle-aged women mostly had good family functioning. Monogamy was a significant association; the reasons for this may be further explored.
Keywords: Perimenopause, climacteric, family
Résumé
Contexte: La péri ménopause est souvent accompagnée de symptômes pénibles qui peuvent porter atteinte à la femme et à sa famille. Cette étude visait à évaluer l’association possible de la péri ménopause avec un fonctionnement familial médiocre.
Méthodes: Il s’agissait d’une étude transversale et descriptive de 132 femmes âgées de plus de 40 ans, menées au Département de Médecine Familiale du Collège Hospitalier Universitaire, Ibadan, Nigeria. Le questionnaire comprenait l’Echelle de Fonctionnement Générale du Dispositif d’Evaluation Familiale, une mesure d’autoévaluation du fonctionnement de la famille qui décrit les relations émotionnelles et le fonctionnement au sein de la famille. Les variables explicatives étaient les paramètres de données démographiques et l’apparition d’irrégularités menstruelles, les variables de résultat étaient la présence ou l’absence de bonnes fonctionnalités familiales. Les variables catégorielles et continues ont été analysées respectivement avec le test du chi-carré et le test t- d’élève. L’analyse des données a été effectuée avec IBM SPSS Statistiques 20. L’approbation éthique a été obtenue auprès du comité d’éthique institutionnel.
Résultats: La plupart (80,3%) des 132 répondants connaissaient déjà des règles irrégulières. Les scores de l’échelle des fonctions générales variaient de 1,08 à 3,08. Le score modal était de 1,92 qui était dans la gamme de bonne fonction. En appliquant un point de coupure standard de 2,17 ; 92 (69,7%) ont déclaré un bon fonctionnement de la famille, tandis que 40 (30,3%) ont signalé un fonctionnement familial médiocre. De toutes les variables sociodémographiques évaluées, l’existence d’un mariage monogame était la seule observée qui était significativement associée au bon fonctionnement de la famille (p <0,01).
Conclusion: Ces femmes d’âge moyen avaient surtout un bon fonctionnement familial. La monogamie était une association importante; Les raisons de cela peuvent être explorées d’avantage.
Mots clés: Péri ménopause, climatérique, famille
Correspondence: Dr. Folasade A. Bello, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan. Nigeria. E-mail: dr.nikebello@yahoo.com
Références
Weber MT, Maki PM and McDermott MP. Cognition and mood in perimenopause: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2014; 142: 90-98.
Obermeyer CM, Reher D and Saliba M. Symptoms, menopause status, and country differences: a comparative analysis from DAMES. Menopause 2007; 14: 788-797.
Beaver KM and Wright JP. Biosocial Development and Delinquent Involvement. Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice 2005; 3: 168-192.
Caspi A and Moffitt TE. Individual differences are accentuated during periods of social change: The sample case of girls at puberty. J Pers Soc Psychol 1991; 61: 157-168.
Parsons MA and Obermeyer CM. Women’s midlife health across cultures: DAMES comparative analysis. Menopause, 2007; 14: 760-768.
Kaufert PA, Gilbert P and Tate R. The Manitoba Project: a re-examination of the link between menopause and depression. Maturitas 1992; 14: 143-155.
Weismiller DG. Menopause. Primary Care: Clinics in Office Practice 2009; 36: 199-226.
WHO. Research on the menopause in the 1990s. WHO Technical Report 866. WHO: Geneva 1996. Available at http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/41841/1/WHO_TRS_866.pdf. Last accessed on 22 April 2016.
Godfrey JR and Naftolin F. Toward optimal health: managing women’s medical challenges in midlife. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2008; 17: 1551-1554.
Dienye PO, Judah F and Ndukwu G. Frequency of Symptoms and Health Seeking Behaviours of Menopausal Women in an Out-Patient Clinic in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. Glob J Health Sci 2013; 5: 39–47.
Saka MJ, Saidu R, Jimoh A, Akande T and Olatinwo AW. Behavioral pattern of menopausal
Nigeria women. Ann Trop Med Public Health 2012; 5: 74-79.
Ibraheem O.M, Oyewole O.E and Olaseha I.O. Experiences and Perceptions of Menopause among women in Ibadan South East Local Government area, Nigeria. Afr J Biomed Res 2015; 18: 81-94.
Epstein NB, Baldwin LM and Bishop DS. The McMaster Family Assessment Device. J Marital Fam Ther 1983; 9: 171-180.
Bishop DS, Epstein NB and Baldwin LM. Structuring a family assessment interview. Can Fam Physician 1980; 26: 1534-1537.
Miller IW, Epstein NB, Bishop DS and Keitner GI. The McMaster family assessment device: Reliability and validity. J Marital Fam Ther 1985; 11: 345-356.
Miller IW, Kabacoff RI, Epstein NB, et al. The development of a clinical rating scale for the McMaster model of family functioning. Fam Process 1994; 33: 53-69.
Byles J, Byrne C, Boyle MH and Offord DR. Ontario Child Health Study: Reliability and Validity of the General Functioning Subscale of the McMaster Family Assessment Device. Fam Process 1988; 27: 97-104.
Speranza M, Guénolé F, Revah-Levy A, et al. The French version of the Family Assessment Device. Can J Psychiatry 2012; 57: 570-577.
Martin G, Swannell S, Mill J, et al. Spray on skin improves psychosocial functioning in pediatric burns patients: a randomized controlled trial. Burns 2008; 34: 498-504.
Kazarian SS. Family functioning, cultural orientation and psychological well-being among university students in Lebanon. J Soc Psychol 2005; 145: 141-152.
Shek DT. The General Functioning Scale of the Family Assessment Device: does it work with Chinese adolescents? J Clin Psychol 2001; 57: 1503-1516.
Adekunle AO, Fawole AO and Okunlola MA. Perceptions and attitudes of Nigerian women about the menopause. J Obstet Gynaecol 2000; 20: 525-429.
Takahashi TA and Johnson KM. Menopause. Med Clin North Am 2015; 99: 521-534.
Burger HG. Unpredictable endocrinology of the menopause transition: clinical, diagnostic and management implications. Menopause Int 2011; 17: 153-154.
Abedzadeh Kalarhoudi M, Taebi M, Sadat Z and Saberi F. Assessment of quality of life in menopausal periods: a population study in Kashan, Iran. Iran Red Crescent Med J 2011; 13: 811-817.
Yanikkerem E, Koltan SO, Tamay AG and Dikayak ª. Relationship between women’s attitude towards menopause and quality of life. Climacteric 2012; 15: 552-562.
Al-Krenawi A. Mental health and polygamy: The Syrian case. World J Psychiatry 2013; 3(1): 1-7.
Shepard LD. The impact of polygamy on women’s mental health: a systematic review. Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci 2013; 22(1): 47-62.
Daoud N, Shoham-Vardi I, Urquia ML and O’Campo P. Polygamy and poor mental health among Arab Bedouin women: do socioeconomic position and social support matter? Ethn Health 2014; 19(4): 385-405.
Greene JG. Constructing a standard climacteric scale. Maturitas 1998; 29: 25-31.
Bello FA and Daramola OO. Attitude to the Menopause and Sex amongst Middle-Aged Women in a Family Medicine Clinic in Ibadan, Nigeria. Obstet Gynecol Int 2016; 2016: 2031056.
Ikeme A, Okeke TC, Akogu S and Chinwuba N. Knowledge and perception of menopause and climacteric symptoms among a population of women in Enugu, South East Nigeria. Ann Med Health Sci Res 2011; 1: 31-36.