Résumé
Nickel chromium brackets are the most common type of fixed orthodontic appliance used in our environment and may alter the oral microflora.
Aim: This study aimed to determine the effect of nickel chromium brackets in orthodontic treatment on the oral microflora and to compare with a control group of dental students.
Method: Thirty-eight randomly selected participants were divided into two groups. Group 1 was 19 orthodontic patients (OS) with anterior segment crowding. Group 2 were 19 normal dental students (DS) who served as a control group. Two samples of stimulated saliva were collected. The initial sample was collected before the placement of nickel chromium brackets (OS1) and the other 6 months after wearing the appliance in both arches (OS2) for group 1. Group 2 also had the initial (DS1) and second samples (DS2) collected after a 6 month interval. The saliva was analysed after being inoculated onto blood, chocolate and MacConkey agar plates which were incubated for 24 hours at 37 degrees C aerobically except chocolate agar, which was incubated in a candle extinction jar.
Results: The results showed that Streptococcus viridans was the most prevalent microorganism and was isolated in 15 (79%), and 11 (57.9%), of groups OS1 and DS1 respectively. There was no statistical difference between both control groups OS1 and DS1 (p>0.05), and treatment groups OS2 and DS2 for Streptococcus viridans. There was a significant difference between DS1 with 7(36.8%) and OS1 with 2 (10.5%) for Staphylococcus aureus (p<0.05). Klebsiella pneumoniae was cultured in all groups except OS2. There was also no statistically significant difference between groups OS1 and OS2 and the control groups DS1 and DS2 for all the organisms cultured. There was no change in composition of bacteria between groups OS1, OS2 and DS1.
Conclusion: There is no difference in the oral microflora between orthodontic patients and normal subjects and wearing nickel chromium brackets does not significantly alter the composition of the oral microflora.
Keywords: Nickel chromium brackets, oral microflora.
Résumé
Les pièces de Nickel chrome sont les plus commun des outils orthodontiques utilisées dans notre environnement et peut alternés la microflore orale. Cette étude avait pour de déterminer l’effet du Nickel chrome en soins orthodontiques sur la microflore orale et a comparer avec le groupe contrôle des étudiants dentistes. Trente huit étaient choisi au hasard et divisé en deux groupes. Le groupe 1 était constitué de 19 patients orthodontiques (OS) avec un segment antérieur étouffé. Le group 2 était constitué de 19 étudiants sains (DS) utilisé contre le groupe de contrôle. Deux échantillons de crachats stimulés étaient collectés avant le placement du Nickel chromé(OS1) et autres 6 mois après aux groups OS2 et DS1. La salive était analysé après être inoculé dans plats de culture au sang, agar chocolat et de MacConkey ; incubées à l’air libre pour 24 heures à 37 degré C sauf l’agar de chocolat, qui était incubé dans la jar à bougie éteint. Les résultats démontraient que les Streptocoques viridans étaient les microorganismes et étaient isolés chez 15 (79%), et 11 (57.9%), des groupes OS1 et DS1 respectivement. Il n’y avait pas de différence statistique entre les groupes de contrôles OS1 et DS1 (P>0.05), et les groupes traités OS2 et DS2 pour les Streptocoques viridans. Il y avait une différence significative entre DS1 7(36.8%) et OS1 2 (10.5%) pour les Staphylocoques aureus (p<0.05). Klebsiella pneumoniae était cultivée chez tous les groupes sauf OS2. Il n’y avait pas de différence statistique entre OS1 et OS2, et les groups de contrôle DS1 et DS2 pour les organismes cultivés. Il n’avait pas de changement de composition des bactéries entre les groupes OS1, OS2 et DS1, ni de différence de la flore orale entre les patients orthodontiques et les sujets normaux et le port du Nickel chromé ne causait un changement significatif sur la flore orale.
Correspondence: Dr. I.N. Ize-Iyamu, P.O. Box 7022, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria. E-mail: idiaize@yahoo.com
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