Résumé
Background: Trivalent chromium (Cr2O3 ) is required in trace amount and has health benefits. Its deficiency is linked to symptoms associated with endocrine and cardiovascular diseases. Its essentiality and presumed functions in body system is poorly understood. This study evaluated the effects of Cr2O3 on gross morphology of the stomach, liver, kidneys and brain of rats.
Methodology: Eighteen male Wistar rats (91.1 ± 4.2 g, 7 weeks old) were equally assigned to three groups: group 1 (control) received drinking water while groups 2 and 3 received 10 and 100 ppm Cr2O3 respectively for 12 weeks through drinking water. Animals were weighed weekly, sacrificed after 12 weeks and blood chromium concentration was determined and full blood count estimated. The stomach, colon, liver, kidney and brain were excised and weighed. Stomach was assessed for gross, histology and histomorphometry alterations. Liver, kidney and brain histology were also evaluated using standard methods.
Results: Blood chromium level was significantly higher in the group treated with 10 ppm Cr2O3 (0.17 ± 0.01ppm); 100 ppm (0.19 ± 0.01ppm) compared with control (0.11 ± 0.02 ppm). Platelet count was significantly lower in control (72.3 ± 3.1 x 103 /μL) compared to 10 ppm (107.7 ± 3.7 103 /μL) and 100 ppm (101.3 ± 4.4 x 103 /μL). The stomach mucosa width was significantly high in group treated with 10 ppm (7097±130 μm) and 100 ppm (7306 ± 632 μm) compared with control (4623 ± 247 μm). Brain histology revealed few deranged cells in the chromium treated groups.
Conclusion: This study underscores possible stomach and few derangements in the brain cells from trivalent chromium treatment.
Keywords: Trivalent chromium, Stomach, Brain, Histomorphometry, Rats
Résumé
Contexte : Le chrome trivalent (Cr2O3 ) est requis en quantité minime et présente des avantages pour la santé. Sa carence est liée aux symptômes associés aux maladies endocriniennes et cardiovasculaires. Son caractère essentiel et ses fonctions présumées dans le système corporel sont mal compris. Cette étude évalue les effets du Cr2O3 sur la morphologie globale de l’estomac, du foie, des reins et du cerveau des rats.
Méthodologie :Dix-huitratsWistarmâles(91,1 ± 4,2 g, âgés de 7 semaines)ont été également répartis dans trois groupes : le groupe 1 (témoin) a reçu de l’eau de boisson, tandis que les groupes 2 et 3 ont reçu respectivement par l’eau de boisson 10 et 100 ppm deCr2O3 pendant 12 semaines.Les animaux ont été pesés chaque semaine, sacrifiés après 12 semaines et la concentration de chrome dans le sang a étédéterminée et la formule sanguine complète estimée.L’estomac, le côlon, le foie, les reins et le cerveau ont été excisés et pesés.L’estomac a été évalué pour les altérationsmacroscopiques, histologiques et histomorphométriques. Les histologies dufoie, des reins et du cerveau ont également étéévaluées à l’aide de méthodes
standard.
Résultats: Le taux de chrome sanguinétaitsignificativementplus élevé dans le groupe traité avec10 ppm deCr2O3 (0,17 ± 0,01 ppm).100 ppm (0,19 ± 0,01 ppm) par rapport au contrôle (0,11 ± 0,02 ppm).La numération plaquettaire était significativementplus faiblechez les témoins (72,3 ± 3,1 x 103 /μL) par rapport aux groupes à 10 ppm (107,7 ± 3,7 x 103 /μL) et à 100 ppm (101,3 ± 4,4x 103
/μL).La largeur de la muqueuse gastriqueétait significativement élevée dans le groupe traité avec10 ppm (7097 ± 130μm) et 100 ppm (7306 ± 632μm) par rapport au groupe contrôle (4623 ± 247μm).L’histologie cérébrale a révélé peu de cellules perturbées dans les groupestraités au chrome .
Conclusion : Cette étude met en évidence un possible dérangement de l’estomac et peu de dérangements dans les cellules du cerveau à la suite d’un traitement au chrome trivalent.
Mots - clés : Chrome trivalent, Estomac, Cerveau, Histomorphométrie, Rats
Correspondence: Dr. O.A. Odukanmi, Laboratory for Gastrointestinal Secretion and Inflammation Research, Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria. Email: odukanmi@yahoo.com
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