چکیده
Background: Hearing loss is one of the commonest and most neglected disabilities in developing countries. However, most of these are preventable with early detection through screening and appropriate interventions.
Methods: We determined the prevalence, pattern and predictors of hearing loss in school aged children in selected rural communities in Ogun state, Nigeria, using a cross sectional study design. A multistage cluster sampling technique was used to select 305 pupils from 6 randomly selected primary schools. Semi-structured interviewer administered questionnaires and a calibrated Amplivox 240 diagnostic audiometer were used for data collection. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to determine the risk factors.
Results: The prevalence of bilateral hearing losswas 19.6% while unilateral hearing loss was 11.8% on the left side and 7.9% on the right.Low frequency hearing lossconstituted the commoner type of hearing loss with [54(64.3%)] occurring on the right and [69 (71.1%)] on the left. Logistic regression analysis revealed that history of ear discharge (OR= 2.80, 95% CI= 1.23-6.38: p=0.006), ear injury (OR= 2.28, 95% CI= 1.09-4.74: p=0.028), head trauma (OR= 4.54, 95% CI= 1.97-10.44: p<0.001), noise exposure (OR= 2.74, 95% CI= 1.45 5.17: p=0.002) were significantly associated with hearing loss.
Conclusion: Hearing loss is prevalent among the school-aged children in the rural communities of Ogun state with mild low frequency hearing loss being the commonest pattern. Age, ear infection and discharge, trauma and loud noise exposure were significant predictors. It is recommended that school-aged children should have routine hearing evaluation to identify those with hearing loss and then referred for appropriate hearing rehabilitation or treatment.
Keywords: Prevalence, Pattern, Predictors, Hearing Loss, School-Age Children, Pure Tone Audiometry.
Résumé
Contexte: La perte auditive est l’une des incapacités les plus fréquentes et les plus négligées dans les pays en voie de développement. Cependant, la plupart deceux-ci sont évitables avec une détection tôt par le dépistage et des interventions appropriées.
Méthodes: Nous avons déterminé la prévalence, le profil et les prédicteurs de la perte auditive chez des enfants d’âge scolaire dans des communautés rurales sélectionnées dans l’état d’Ogun, au Nigéria, à l’aide d’une étude transversale. Une technique d’échantillonnage à plusieurs étapes a été utilisée pour sélectionner 305 élèves dans 6 écolessélectionnées aléatoirement. Des questionnaires semi-structurés et un audiomètre de diagnostic calibré Amplivox 240 ont été utilisés pour la collecte des données. Une analyse de régression logistique multiple a été utilisée pour déterminer les facteurs de risque.
Résultats: La prévalence de la perte auditive bilatérale était de 19,6%, t andis que la perte auditive unilatérale était de 11,8% du côté gauche et de 7,9% du côté droit. La perte auditive de fréquencefaible constituait le type le plus commun de perte auditive avec [54 (64,3%)] sur lecôté droit et [69 (71,1%)] sur lecôté gauche. L’analyse de régression logistique a révélé que les antécédents de décharge dans l’oreille (OR = 2,80, IC 95% = 1,23 -6,38: p = 0,006), traumatisme del’oreille (OR = 2,28, IC 95% = 1,09-4,74: p = 0,028),traumatisme de la tête(OR = 4,54, IC 95% = 1,97-10,44: p <0,001), l’exposition au bruit (OR = 2,74, IC 95% = 1,45 5,17: p = 0,002) était significativement associée à la perte auditive.
Conclusion: La perte auditive est répandue chez les enfants d’âge scolaire dans les communautés rurales d’Ogun, avec la perte auditive légère étant l’affection la plus fréquente. L’âge, l’infection
et ladécharge de l’oreille, le traumatisme et l’exposition au bruit élevé étaient des prédicteurs significatifs. Il est recommandé aux enfants d’âge scolaire d’effectuer une évaluati on auditive de
routine afin d’identifier ceux qui souffrent de déficience auditive et de les référer pour une réhabilitation ou un traitement appropriéde l’ouïe.
Mots-clés: Prévalence, Profil, Prédicteurs, Perte auditive, Enfants d’âge scolaire, Audiométrie à tonalité pure
Correspondence: Mrs Ikeola A. Adeoye, Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Faculty of Public Health, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria. E-mail: adeoyeikeola@yahoo.com
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