Resumen
Background: Smoking is highly prevalent in patients living with schizophrenia and is associated with medical and psychiatric morbidities
Methods: In this descriptive, consecutive patients with schizophrenia (368) were interviewed at State Hospital Ibadan between January and December 2008. Information on demography and tobacco smoking, medication adherence and self reports of chronic common health conditions were obtained. The PANSS was used to determine level of psychopathology. Univariate associations were determined using Chi square statistics and multivariate analysis was used for further exploration of variables that were significant during univariate analysis. All analyses were performed using the SPSS (17.0).
Results: Prevalence of lifetime tobacco use was 198 (53.8%), current use 122 (33.1%). Current use was highest in respondents less than 25 years of age X2 = 11.8, p = 0.003 and reduced with increasing education, X2 = 21.6, p = 0.00, higher in non medication adherent patients, X2 = 19.9, p = 0.00 and was associated with health conditions such as haemopoetic diseases X 2 = 6.8, p = 0.01 and respiratory diseases. Mean score of positive, negative, general psychopathology, total psychopathology subscales of PANSS were respectively significantly higher among current user, compared with abstainers, t= 6.7, p = 0.00, t=5.1, p = 0.00, t= 6.2, p = 0.00, t= 6.7, p = 0.00. Only general psychopathology subscale of PANSS, OR = 3.5, 95% CI (1.2-6.5), p = 0.02 remained associated with current tobacco use after adjusting for gender.
Conclusion: The present study demonstrates high rate of tobacco use in patients with schizophrenia. Thus, such patients require additional screening for tobacco and tobacco cessation program.
Keywords: Schizophrenia, Tobacco, PANSS, Health Conditions, Psychopathology
Résumé
Contexte: Le tabagisme est très répandu chez les patients souffrant de la schizophrénie et est associé avec morbidités médicales et psychiatriques
Méthodes: Dans cette étude descriptive, des patients consécutifs atteints de la schizophrénie (368) ont été interrogés à l’Hôpital d’État d’Ibadan entre Janvier et Décembre 2008. Information sur la démographie et la consommation du tabac, adhérence aux médicaments et auto rapports de conditions chroniques de santé courante ont été obtenus. Le PANSS a été utilisé pour déterminer le niveau de psychopathologie. Les associations uni-variées ont étédéterminées à l’aide des statistiques Chi carrés et l’analyse multi-variée a été utilisée pour une ample exploration des variables qui étaient significatives lors de l’analyse uni-variée. Toutes les analyses ont été effectuées en utilisant SPSS (17,0).
Résultats: La prévalence, pour une durée de vie, de l’usage du tabac était 198 (53,8%), l’utilisation actuelle 122 (33,1%). L’utilisation actuelle était plus élevée parmi les répondants de moins de 25 ans X2 = 11,8, p = 0,003 et réduisait avec l’accroissement d’éducation, X2= 21,6, p = 0,00, plus élevé chez les patients non adhérents aux médications, X2= 19,9, p = 0,00 et a été associé avec des conditions de santé telles que les maladies hématopoïétiques X2 = 6,8, p = 0,01 et les maladies respiratoires. Le score moyen de positif, négatif, psychopathologie générale, total des sous-niveaux de psychopathologie du PANSS ont été respectivement significativement plus élevée chez les utilisateurs courant, par rapport aux abstinents, t = 6,7, p = 0,00, t = 5,1, p = 0,00, t = 6,2, p = 0,00, t = 6,7, p = 0,00. Seulement les sous-niveaux de psychopathologie générale du PANSS, OR = 3,5, IC à 95% (1,2 –6,5), p = 0,02 demeuraient associés à la consommation actuelle du tabac après ajustement pour le genre.
Conclusion: La présente étude démontre le taux élevé de l’usage du tabac chez les patients atteints de la schizophrénie. Ainsi, ces patients ont besoin d’un contrôle supplémentaire pour le programme du tabac et sevrage tabagique.
Mots-clés: schizophrénie, tabac, PANSS, conditions de santé, Psychopathologie
Correspondence: Dr. Victor O. Lasebikan, Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria. E-mail: victorlash @yahoo.com
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