Abstract
Objective: To determine the occlusal presentations of individuals with sickle cell disease.
Materials and methods: One hundred and thirty five subjects with sickle cell anaemia and who had not previously received any form of orthodontic treatment were recruited from the sickle cell
clinic/Haematological out patient’s clinics in four tertiary health care institutions in the south western part of Nigeria. Ethical approval was sought and gotten from each tertiary institution Ethical Committees involve in the study. All eligible subjects were seated on a comfortable chair had their oral examination done by a single author under natural lighting illumination for both dental intra – arch and occlusal parameters and all the data gotten were entered into a spread sheet and analyzed with SPSS version19 computer software. The level of confidence was set at p < 0.05.
Results: The age range was 10 - 49 years with majority of the sample falling into the age range 10 – 29 years. The sample comprised of 61 males and 74 females. Eighty nine percent of the samples were phenotypically positive for HbSS and also commoner among the female samples (57.0%). Occlusal anomalies such as increase overjet, anterior maxillary arch spacing and maxillary prognathism were observed in 40.7%, 58.5% and 45.2% respectively.
Conclusion: There is a high prevalence rate of malocclusion among HbSS individuals and they present with a variety of occlusal anomalies which will require the attention of the orthodontist in order to improve their aesthetics, function and psychological wellbeing.
Keywords: Sickle cell anaemia, occlusion, orthodontics.
Résumé
Objectif: Pour déterminer les présentations occlusales de personnes atteintes de drépanocytose.
Matériaux et méthodes: Cent trente-cinq sujets atteints d’anémie falciforme et qui n’avaient auparavant reçu aucune forme de traitement orthodontique ont été recrutés dans la clinique de drépanocytes/Cliniques hématologiques de patients non-hospitalisés dans quatre établissements de soins de santé tertiaires dans la région sud-ouest du Nigeria. L’approbation éthique a été cherchée et obtenue de chaquecomité d’éthique des institutions tertiairesparticipant à l’étude. Tous les sujets admissibles ont été assis sur une chaise confortable et ont eu leur examen oral par un seul auteur sous éclairage naturel pour les deux paramètres intracellulaires dentaires et occlusaux et toutes les données obtenues ont été entrées et analysées avec le logiciel SPSS version19. Le niveau de confidence a été fixé à p <0,05.
Résultats: La tranche d’âge était de 10 à 49 ans avec la majorité de l’échantillon tombant dans la tranche d’âge de 10 à 29 ans. L’échantillon compris 61 hommes et 74 femmes. Quatre-vingt-neuf pourcent des échantillons étaient phénotypiquement positifs pour HbSS et aussi fréquent chez les femelles (57,0%). Des anomalies occlusales telles que l’augmentation du risque de surjet, l’espacement antérieur de l’arc maxillaire et le prognathisme maxillaire ont été observées respectivement dans 40,7% ; 58,5% et 45,2%.
Conclusion: Il y a un taux de prévalence élevé de malocclusion chez les individus HbSS et ils présentent avec une variété d’anomalies occlusales qui nécessiteront l’attention de l’orthodontiste afin d’améliorer leur esthétique, fonction et bien-être psychologique.
Mots-clés: Anémie falciforme, occlusion, orthodontique.
Correspondence: Dr. O.T. Temisanren, Department of Child Oral Health, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria, Email: oyetemisanren@hotmail.com
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