Abstract
Background: Fructose consumption during pregnancy has been associated with exacerbation of placental oxidative stress. The hypoglycemic and anti-oxidant properties of Citrullus lanatus juice (CLJ) previously reported may provide remedy to the oxidative stress.
Objective: The study investigated the effects of C. lanatus juice on fructose-induced placental changes in Wistar rats.
Methods: Twenty pregnant rats were assigned into four groups (n=5) and treated from Gestation Day (GD) 1- 21 with water (control), 10% Fructose (w/v), 50% CLJ (v/v) and Fructose + CLJ. All treatments were given ad libitum. Caesarean section was performed on GD 21 during which the pups and placentas were harvested and weighed. Blood glucose level, progesterone concentration, placental morphometric indices (weight, circumference and thickness), oxidative status (using spectrophotometer) and histology were assessed. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: The weight and circumference of placentas of fructose group were lower (p < 0.05) than that of control. Placental thickness was higher (p < 0.05) in fructose group compared with control. Placental malondialdehyde was higher in fructose group (p < 0.05) and lower in fructose + C. lanatus group (p < 0.05) compared with control and fructose groups respectively. Placental histology showed severe and mild infarction of chorionic villi in the fructose and fructose + C. lanatus groups, respectively.
Conclusion: C. lanatus juice ameliorated fructose-induced changes in placental oxidative status and morphology. Thus, intake of C. lanatus juice may be beneficial for optimal and healthy development of placenta and fetus of mothers who experience sugar cravings during pregnancy.
Keywords: Placenta, Fructose, Citrullus lanatus, Oxidative stress, Rats.
Résumé
Contexte: La consommation de fructose pendant la grossesse a été associée à une exacerbation du stress oxydatif placentaire. Les propriétés hypo glycémiques et anti-oxydantes du jus de Citrullus lanatus (CLJ) précédemment rapporté peut apporter un remède au stress oxydatif.
Objectif: L’étude a étudié les effets du jus de C. lanatus sur les changements placentaires induits par le fructose chez les rats Wistar.
Méthodes: Vingt rates gravides ont été réparties en quatre groupes (n = 5) et traitées à partir du jour de gestation (JG) 1-21 avec de l’eau (témoin), 10% de fructose (w / v), 50% de CLJ (v / v) et Fructose + CLJ. Tous les traitements ont été donnés ad libitum. Une césarienne a été effectuée le JG 21 au cours de laquelle les souriceaux et les placentas ont été arrachés et pesés. La glycémie, la concentration de progestérone, les indices de morphométries placentaires (poids, circonférence et épaisseur), le statut oxydatif (à l’aide d’un spectrophotomètre) et l’histologie ont été évalués. Les données ont été analysées en utilisant ANOVA et P <0,05 a été considéré comme statistiquement significatif.
Résultats: Le poids et la circonférence des placentas du groupe fructose étaient plus faibles (p <0,05) que ceux du groupe témoin. L’épaisseur placentaire était plus élevée (p <0,05) dans le groupe fructose par rapport au témoin. Le malondialdéhyde placentaire était plus élevé dans le groupe fructose (p <0,05) et plus faible dans le groupe fructose + C. lanatus (p <0,05) comparativement aux groupes témoin et fructose respectivement. L’histologie placentaire a montré un infarctus sévère et bénin des villosités choriales dans les groupes fructose et fructose + C. lanatus, respectivement.
Conclusion: Lejus deC.lanatus aamélioré les changements induits par le fructose dans l’état oxydatif et la morphologie du placenta.Ainsi, la consommation dejusdeC.lanatuspeut être bénéfique pour le développement optimal et sain du placenta et du fœtus des mères qui éprouvent l’appétit excessif de sucrerie pendant la grossesse.
Mots-clés: Placenta, Fructose,Citrulluslanatus, Stress oxydatif, Rats.
Correspondence: Mr. J.U. Asogwa. Laboratory for Reproductive Physiology and Developmental Programming, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria. E-mail: juasogwa@gmail.com.
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