Abstract
Introduction: Plant polyphenols have the ability to protect biomolecules and cell membrane from oxidative stress thereby offering protection against the development of wide range of diseases. This study evaluated the antioxidant property of the methanol extract of twelve medicinal plants, identified and selected from a previous ethno-botanical studies conducted in South-western region of Nigeria.
Methods: 2, 2-Diphenyl 1-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging and nitric oxide inhibitory assays were used to evaluate the antioxidant activities. Total phenolic content (expressed as garlic acid equivalent), total flavonoid (expressed in terms of quercetin equivalent) and total antioxidant capacity were also determined by standard methods. Garlic and ascorbic acid were included in the study as reference standards. Results were expressed as the mean ± SEM. Differences between means were tested for statistical signiûcance using Student t- test (p > 0.05).
Results: The extracts exhibited scavenging activities against the DPPH radical. Uvaria chamae (stem bark) and Thonningia Sanguinea (whole plant) had IC50 values of 4.30 and 6.12 respectively, though not comparable to standard drug (ascorbic acid) with IC50 value of 1.4 µg/mL However, T. sanguinea extracts exhibited the highest nitric oxide inhibitory activity with IC50 values of 1.3±0.1 µg/mL significantly comparable to garlic acid with an IC50 of 1.1 ±0.1 µg /mL (p> 0.05). Methanol extract of T. sanguinea and K. senegalensis (stem bark) had the highest phenolic contents 343 ± 1.79 and 346 ± 0.02 mg/g respectively. Thonningia sanguinea had the highest total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of 374.46 ± 8.41 AAE (mg/g). Uvaria chamae, had the highest flavonoid content of 84.84 ± 6.26 QE mg/g of quercetin equivalent.
Conclusion: This study suggests that the screened plants, especially Thonningia sanguinea can serve as a valuable source of plant antioxidants.
Key words: DPPH and Nitric Oxide Assays, fFlavonoid Compounds, Folin-Ciocalteu method, Thonningia sanguinea and Total Phenol,
Résumé
Introduction : Les polyphénols végétaux ont la capacité de protéger les biomolécules et la membrane cellulaire du stress oxydatif, offrant ainsi une protection contre le développement d’un large éventail de maladies. Cette étude a évalué la propriété antioxydante de l’extrait de méthanol de douze plantes médicinales, identifié et sélectionné parmi des études ethnobotaniques antérieures menées dans la région du sud-ouest du Nigéria.
Méthodes : 2, 1-picryle 2-diphényl hydrazyl (DPPH) piégeage des radicaux libres et des dosages d’inhibition d’oxyde nitrique ont été utilisés pour évaluer les activités antioxydantes. La teneur en
composé phénolique totale (exprimée en équivalent d’acide d’ail), en flavonoïde totale (exprimée en termes de quercétine équivalent) et la capacité antioxydante totale ont également été déterminées par des méthodes standard. L’ail et l’acide ascorbique ont été inclus dans l’étude en tant que référence standard. Les résultats ont été exprimés sous forme de moyenne ± ESM. Les différences entre les moyennes ont été testées pour la signification statistique à l’aide du test t d’Elève (p à 0,05).
Résultats: Les extraits ont montré des activités de balayage contre le radical DPPH. Uvaria chamae (écorce de tige) et Thonningia Sanguinea (plante entière) avaient des valeurs
de CI50 de 4,30 et 6,12 respectivement, comparables à celles de l’acide ascorbique avec une valeur de CI50 de 1,4 µg / mL. Les extraits de T. sanguinea présentaient l’activité inhibitrice d’oxyde nitrique la plus élevée, avec des valeurs de CI50 de 1,3 ± 0,1 µg / mL comparables à celles de l’acide d’ail avec une CI50 de 1,1 ± 0,1 µg / mL. Les extraits au méthanol de T. sanguinea et K. senegalensis (écorce de tige) avaient les teneurs en phénol les plus élevées, 343 ± 1,79 et 346 ± 0,02 mg/g. Thonningia sanguinea avait la capacité antioxydante totale (CAT) la plus élevée, de 374,46 ± 8,41 AAE (mg / g). U. chamea, avait la plus forte teneur en flavonoïdes de 84,84 ± 6,26 QE mg / g de quercétine équivalent.
Conclusion: Cette étude suggère que les plantes criblées, en particulier Thonningia sanguinea, peuvent constituer une source précieuse d’antioxydants.
Mots-clés : tests de DPPH et d’oxyde nitrique, composés flavonoïdes, méthode de FolinCiocalteu, Thonningia sanguinea et Phénol total,
Correspondence: Dr. Omonike O. Ogbole, Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan,
Nigeria. E-mail: nikeoa@yahoo.com
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