Pattern of ocular trauma among primary school pupils in Ilorin, Nigeria
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Abstract
To report the pattern of ocular trauma among school pupils in Ilorin, Nigeria, a cross sectional survey of primary school children in 10 randomly selected primary schools within Ilorin, Nigeria was carried out between July 2005 and January 2006. Relevant ocular history and basic ocular examinations were carried out on the children that were selected from a multi-stage sampling process. Diagnosis of ocular trauma was based on historical recollection together with corroborating ocular signs among affected pupils. Ocular trauma was found among 11 (8 boys and 3 girls) out of 1,393 (0.8%) pupils and their ages ranged from 5 to 13 years. The trauma related ocular pathology found among the 11 pupils included unilateral phthisis bulbi (2, 0.14%), couching (1, 0.07%) and retinal detachment (1, 0.07%) all leading to blindness in the affected eyes. There was also a unilateral visual impairment caused by traumatic optic atrophy. Others included eyelid bruises (2, 0.14%) and one pupil (0.07%) each with hyphema, eyelid ecchymosis, eyelid laceration, and subconjunctival haemorrhage. The ocular trauma occurred following unsupervised play (4, 36.40%), corporal punishment at school and at home (3, 27.30%), fight (2, 18.20%), home accident (1, 9.10%) and couching (1, 9.10%). School pupils can lose vision to preventable traumatic eye injuries both at school and at home. Measures to minimize ocular trauma both in the home and at school are advocated.
Keywords: Traumatic ocular morbidity, school pupils, Nigeria
Résumé
Cette étude rapporte la fréquence des traumatismes oculaires parmi les écoliers choisis au hasard dans dix écoles primaires à Ilorin au Nigeria entre juillet 2005 à janvier 2006. L’histoire oculaire nécessaire et les examens oculaires étaient faite sur ces écoliers par une méthode stratifiée. Le diagnostic du trauma-tisme oculaire était basé sur une recollection historique en plus des symptômes oculaires parmi les écoliers affectés. Le traumatisme oculaire était documente parmi 11 (8 garçons et 3 filles) des 1,393 (0.8%) écoliers et leur sages variant entre 5-13 ans. Le traumatisme lie aux pathologies oculaires était documente chez 11 écoliers, inclus phtisie unilatérale du bulbe (2, 0.14%), empochement (1, 0.07%) et le détachement de la rétine (1, 0.07%) tous conduisant a l’aveuglete chez les enfants aux yeux affectes. Il y avait une imbalance visuelle unilatérale cause par une atrophie optique du au traumatisme. D’autres conditions inclues les écorchement des paupières (2, 0.14%) et la pupille (0.07%) chacune ayant l’hyphemie, l’ecchymosie des paupières, la lacération des paupières et les hemorrhagies sub-conjonctivales. Le traumatisme oculaire provenaient des jeux non supervisés (4, 36.40%), des punition corporelle à l’école et à la maison (3, 27.30%), la lutte (2, 18.20%), accidents domestiques (1, 9.10%) et la toux (1, 9.10%). Les écoliers peuvent perdre leur vision à cause traumatismes et blessures optique prevenable. Des mesures pour minimiser les traumatismes oculaires dans les maisons et à l’école sont recommandes
Correspondence: Dr. A.A. Ayanniyi, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria. E-mail: ayanniyikabir@yahoo.com
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