Abstract
Objective: To establish cephalometric values in HbS individuals and compare with those of HbA
individuals.
Methods: Lateral cephalometric radiographs were taken for HbS and HbA participants and hard tissue
tracings obtained manually on a 0.003 inch thick cellulose acetate tracing paper over a light viewing box.
Results: Sixty HbS and sixty HbA participants were recruited for the study. In group 1 (HbS) 29 (48.3%)
of the participants were males, 31 (51.7%) females while in group 2 (HbA) 27 (45.0%) were males and 33
(55.0%) females. The mean age of the participants was 21.55 ± 2.55 years for the HbS group and 22.15 ±
2.52 years for the HbA group. The mean SNA angle measured for the HbS participants was 85.66 ± 4.93
while SNB angle was 80.56 ± 4.410
. The ANB angle ranged between -3 and 100
. The HbS group had a
mean ANB value of 5.10 ± 3.320 as compared to 3.93 ± 1.630
for the HbA group. Significant differences
were observed between the mean SNB and ANB values in the HbS and HbA groups. The mean SNB for
HbS was lower than that of HbA participants while mean ANB was higher.
Keywords: Sickle cell anaemia, cephalometric radiograph, jaw protrusion
Résumé
Objectif : Pour établir les valeurs céphalométriques chez les individus HbS et les comparer à celles des
individus HbA.
Méthodes Des radiographies céphalométriques latérales ont été prises pour les participants HbS et HbA
et les tracés de tissus durs ont été obtenus manuellement sur un papier calque en acétate de cellulose à
0,003 pouce d’épaisseur sur une boîte d’observation lumineuse.
Résultats : Soixante participants HbS et soixante participants HbA ont été recrutés pour l’étude. Dans
le groupe 1 (HbS), 29 (48,3%) des participants étaient des hommes, 31 (51,7%) des femmes, tandis que
dans le groupe 2 (HbA), 27 (45,0%) étaient des hommes et 33 (55,0%) des femmes. L’âge moyen des
participants était de 21,55 ± 2,55 ans pour le groupe HbS et de 22,15 ± 2,52 ans pour
le groupe HbA. L’angle moyen du SNA mesuré pour les participants à l’HbS était de 85,66 ± 4,93 tandis
que l’angle du SNB était de 80,56 ± 4,410
. L’angle ANB variait entre -3 et 10 0
. Le groupe HbS présentait
une valeur moyenne d’ANB de 5,10 ± 3,320 par rapport à 3,93 ± 1,630 pour le groupe HbA. Des
différences significatives ont été observées entre les valeurs moyennes de SNB et d’ANB dans
les groupes HbS et HbA. La moyenne du SNB pour l’HbS était inférieur à celui des participants de
l’HbA, tandis que la moyenne d’ANB était plus élevé.
Mots - clés : falciforme anémie, radiographie céphalométrique, saillie de la mâchoire
Correspondence: Dr. O.T. Temisanren, Department of Child Oral Health, Faculty of Dentistry, College of
Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan. Nigeria.
References
Ohaeri JU and Shokunbi WA. Psychosocial burden of sickle cell disease on caregivers in a Nigerian setting. J Natl Med Assoc. 2002 Dec;94:1058–1070.
World Health Organization; Fifty-ninth world health assembly. Sickle-cell anaemia: Report by the Secretariat A59/9. 2006.
Adegoke SA and Kuteyi EA. Psychosocial burden of sickle cell disease on the family, Nigeria. African J Prim Heal Care Fam Med. 2012;4:6–11.
Behbehani EMH, Al-Ramzi AH, Victor DE and Al-Waheidi EM. Orthopantomographic studies of the mandible in sickle cell anemia. Dent News (Lond). 1996;III:25–29.
Adekile AD and Adeodu OO. Haemoglobinopathies. In: Azubuike JC, Nkanginieme KEO. (editors). Textbook of Paediatrics and Child Health in a Tropical Region. 2nd ed. Owerri: African Educational Services. 2007;373–390.
Mourshed F and Tuckson CR. A study of the radiographic features of the jaws in sickle cell anemia. Am Acad Dent Radiol. 1974;37:812–819.
Akinyanju OO. The National Burden of Sickle Cell Disorder And The Way Forward. Sickle Cell Foundation Nigeria. [Internet]. 2010. Available from: http://www.sicklecellfoundation.com/Nat burden SCD.pdf
World Health Organization. Sixtieth Session. Sickle -Cell Disease: A Strategy for the WHO African Region. Report of the Regional Director. AFR/RC60/8. 2010.
Angastiniotis M, Modell B, Englezos P and Boulyjenkov V. Prevention and control of haemoglobinopathies. Bul World Heal Organ. 1995;73:375–386.
Weatherall D, Akinyanju O, Fucharoen S, Olivieri N and Musgrove P. Non-Communicable Diseases- Inherited Disorders of Hemoglobin. In: Disease Control Priorities on Developing Countries. 2006. p. 663–680.
Onyeaso CO and daCosta O. Dental aesthetics assessed against orthodontic treatment complexity and need in Nigerian patients with sickle-cell anemia. Spec Care Dent. 2009;29:249–254.
Proffit W, Fields H and Sarver D. Contemporary Orthodontics. 4th ed. St. Louis: The CV Mosby Co; 2007.
Licciardello V, Bertuna G and Samperi P. Craniofacial morphology in patients with sickle cell disease/ : a cephalometric analysis. Eur J Orthod. 2007;29:238–242.
Adekile AD, Awofala S and Adepoju J. Gnathopathy in Sickle Cell Anaemia: Cephalometric Analysis. Niger MedJ. 1990;20:66–70.
Isiekwe MC and Sowemimo GOA. Cephalometric Findings in a Normal Nigerian Population Sample and Adult Nigerians with Unrepaired Clefts. Cleft Palate J. 1984;21:323–328.
Maia NG, dos Santos LA, Coletta RD, et al. Facial features of patients with sickle cell anemia. Angle Orthod. 2011;81:115–120.
Brown DL and Sebes JI. Sickle cell gnathopathy: radiologic assessment. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1986 Jun;61:653–656.
Altemus L and Epps CW. Cephalofacial Characteristics of North American Black Individuals with Sickle Cell Disease. Q Natl Dent Assoc. 1974;32:80–88.
Bandeen TC. Effects of Sickle Cell Disease on growth of the craniofacial complexes. The University of Tennessee; 2005.
Saito N, Nadgir R, Flower E and Sakai O. Clinical and Radiologic Manifestations of Sickle Cell Disease in the Head and Neck. Radiographics. 2010;30:1021–1034.
Almeida A and Roberts I. Bone involvement in sickle cell disease. Br J Haematol. 2005;129:482–490.
Pithon MM, Palmeira LMV, Barbosa AAL and Pereira R. Craniofacial features of patients with sickle cell anemia and sickle cell trait. Angle Orthod. 2014;84:825–829.
Temisanren OT, daCosta OO and Sanu OO. Occlusal Presentations of Individuals with Sickle Cell Disease. Afr. J. Med. Med. Sci. 2017; 46:365-369.