Abstract
Background: Scientific evidence indicates that light to moderate drinking on a daily basis may significantly reduce the risks of coronary heart disease (CHD). In contrast, excessive alcohol intake and binge drinking are toxic to both the heart and overall health. There is dearth of knowledge whether palm wine exhibit any these properties.
Objectives: The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of level of palm wine consumption on the plasma atherogenic and anti-atherogenic factors among the rural dwellers.
Methods and materials: Fifty-eight male volunteers between the ages of 28-69yrs were recruited. They were divided into two groups; 28 moderate drinkers with intake of 20-70 grams/day and 30 heavy drinker with intake of >70 grams/day of palm wine at a sitting for 3 to 4days per week with a minimum duration of 5 years. Thirty controls of the same age groups with the same socioeconomic status were recruited. Plasma activities of liver enzymes, plasma concentration of Total Cholesterol (TC), Triglyceride (TG), High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL), Low-Density Lipoproteins (LDL) and apolipoprotiens (Apo A1 & Apo B) were determined. TC/HDL, LDL/HDL and ApoB/A1 ratios calculated.
Results: There was significant increase in plasma concentration of TG, LDL, ApoB and decrease in HDL and ApoA1 among heavy drinkers. However, there was an increase in plasma level of ApoA1 and decrease in ApoB among moderate drinkers but not significant when compared to the controls. A positive correlation were observed between level of palm wine consumption (>70gram/day) and plasma levels of TG, LDL, ApoB, TC/HDL ratio, ApoB/ApoA1 ratio; but negative correlation with HDL and ApoA1.
Conclusion: Our finding revealed that heavy consumption of palm wine may promote atherogenic factors, but the benefits of moderate consumption recorded need further investigations. There is also the need to determine the level of polyphenolic substances if any in palm wine.
Keywords: Palm wine, lipids, lipoproteins, apolipoproteins and hepatic enzymes
Résumé
Contexte: Des preuves scientifiques montrent qu’une consommation légère à une consommation modérée quotidiennement peut réduire de façon significative les risques de maladies cardiaque coronariennes (MCC). En revanche, la consommation excessive d’alcool et de beuveries sont toxiques pour le cœur et la santé en général. On ne sais pas trop si le vin de palme présente ces caractéristiques.
Objectifs: L’objectif de cette étude est d’évaluer l’effet du niveau de la consommation du vin de palme sur les facteurs athérogènes et anti-athérogènes du plasma parmi les habitants des zones rurales.
Méthodes: Cinquante-huit volontaires de sexe masculin, âgés de 28 à 69 ans ont été recensés. On les a classés en deux groupes, 28 buveurs modérés avec une consommation de 20-70 grammes de vin de palme / jour et 30 gros buveurs avec une consommation supérieure à 70 g / jour d’un seul coup de 3 à 4 jours par semaine avec une durée minimale de 5 ans. Trente personnes pilotes des mêmes groupes d’âge ayant le même statut socio-économique ont été récensés.
Résultats: Les activités plasmatiques des enzymes hépatiques, la concentration plasmatique du cholestérol total (CT), le triglycérides (TG), la lipoprotéines à haute densité (LHD), la lipoprotéines à faible densité (LFD) et les apolipoprotéines (Apo A1 et Apo B) ont été déterminés. Les rapports CT / LHD, LFD/ LHD et ApoB/A1 ont été calculés. Il y avait une augmentation significative de la concentration plasmatique de TG, de LFD, de l’apolipoprotéine B et une réduction du taux de LHD et d’ApoA1 chez les gros buveurs. Cependant, il ya eu une augmentation du taux plasmatique d’ApoA1 et une diminution de l’ApoB chez les buveurs modérés, mais pas important selon les témoignages. Une corrélation positive a été remarquée entre le niveau de consommation du vin de palme (plus de 70g/jour) et les niveaux plasmatiques de TG, LFD, d’apolipoprotéine B, le rapport CT / LHD,le rapport ApoB/ApoA1, mais une corrélation négative avec les LHD et ApoA1.
Conclusion: Notre recherche a révélé que la consommation excessive de vin de palme peut promouvoir les facteurs athérogènes, mais les avantages d’une consommation modérée nécessitent des enquêtes plus approfondies. Il faut également déterminer la teneur en substances polyphénoliques dans le vin de palme s’il y en a.
Correspondence: Dr. P.S. Ogunro, Department of Chemical Pathology, College of Health Science, LadokeAkintola University of Technology, Osogbo, Nigeria. E-mail: ogunrops@yahoo.com
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