Resumé
Studies on paediatric head and neck cancer are limited in the medical literature. Most studies have been restricted to specific histological types such as rhabdomyosarcoma, osteogenic sarcoma or Burkitt’s lymphoma. This study describes the relative frequency of cancers seen in the head and neck region of children below 16 years of age at the University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria. A total of 281 cases of paediatric head and neck tumours were diagnosed within the study period, out of which 84 cases were malignant. Fifty-four of these cases were males while 30 were females, giving a male to female ratio of 1.8:1. The age range for these cases was 3 days to 15 years with a mean age of 9.03±4.63 years. The most frequently diagnosed tumours were haematopoietic malignancies, accounting for 47.6% of cases, followed by sarcomas (27.4%) and carcinomas (21.4%). Burkitt’s lymphoma constituted 28.6%, followed by rhabdomyosarcoma accounting for 17.9% of cases. Malignant neoplasms of the head and neck region are rare in the paediatric age group. The pattern of these neoplasms also differs from that in the adult population. However, malignant head and neck neoplasms in the paediatric age group also showed the male preponderance characteristic of head and neck malignancies in the adult population.
Keywords: Paediatrics, head, neck, malignancy
Résumé
Les études sur le cancer pédiatrique de la tête et du cou sont limitées dans la litérature médicale. La plupart des études ont été concentré sur les types histologiques spécifiques tels que rhabdomyosarcome, sarcome ostégénique ou lymphome de Burkitt . cette étude décrit la fréquence relative du cancer observé dans la region de la tête et du cou des enfants agés de moins de 16 ans au centre hospitalier universitaire,UCH, Ibadan, Nigéria. Un total de 281 cas des tumeurs pédiatriques de la tête et du cou étaient diagnostiqués entre la période de cette étude, parmi lesquels 84 étaient cancereuses. Cinquante quatre cas étaient des males et 30 cas des females, donnant une proportion de 1.8:1. la tranche d’age variait entre 3 á 15 ans avec une moyenne d’age de 9.03±4.63 ans. Les tumeurs les plus fréquenmment diagnostiqués étaient les cancers hématopoiétiques, s’estimant a 47.6% des cas, suivi des sarcomes (27.4%) et des carcinomes (21.4%). Le lymphome de Burkitt constituait 28.6%, suivi des rhabdomyosarcomes s’estimant a 17.9% des cas. Les néoplasmes de la région de la tête et du cou sont rare dans cette tranche d’age. La fréquence de ces néoplasmes differe aussi de ceux de la population aldulte. Cependant, Les néoplasmes de la tête et du cou dans ce groupe pédiatrique montrait aussi les caractéristiques préponderant chez les males semblables aux cancers de la tête et du cou chez la population adulte.
Correspondence: Dr. B.F. Adeyemi, Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan. Nigeria. Email: oluwabukolawale2003@yahoo.com
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