Resum
Background: Pregnancies complicated with hypertensive disorders are regarded as high risk and contribute to increased maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality.
Objective: To determine the prevalence of hypertensive disorders in pregnancy (HDP) and their related factors in defined areas of South West Nigeria.
Methods: The study is a prospective cohort study conducted in Antenatal Clinics of the departments of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of Ekiti State University Teaching Hospital, Ado-Ekiti, Federal Medical Centre, Ido-Ekiti, University College Hospital Ibadan and Adeoyo Maternity Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria from June 2011 to October 2012. The data regarding demographic details, gestational age, obstetrics history, diagnosis, and blood pressure readings were obtained from each participant through a semi pretest questionnaire. Data entry and analysis was done using SPSS version 22 statistical package.
Result: A total of 521 pregnant women enrolled for the study and 34(7.2%) were hypertensive among whom 55.9% were diagnosed as preeclampsia-eclampsia (19), 35.3% as gestational hypertension (12), 5.9% as chronic hypertension (1) and 2.9% as preeclampsia superimposed on chronic hypertension. HDP was more prevalent among women aged >31years (64.7%), who had previous history of HDP (23.5%), the third trimester (70.6%) of pregnancy and in nulliparous women (67.6%).
Conclusion: Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy are among the most common medical complications worsening the outcome of pregnancy. Regular monitoring of the risk factors may help to mitigate the progression of the disorders.
Keywords: Preeclampsia, pregnancy, hypertensive, prevalence, disorders
Résumé
Contexte: Lesgrossesses compliquées avec troublesd’hypertension sont considérées comme haute-risque et contribuent àl’augmentationde lamorbidité etde lamortalitématernelle et périnatale.
Objectif: Pour déterminer la prévalence des troubles hypertensifs pendant la grossesse (HDP) et leurs facteurs associés dans des zones définies du Sud-Ouest du Nigeria.
Méthodes: L’étude est uneétude de cohorteprospectivemenéedans les cliniques prénatales des départements d’obstétrique et degynécologiedel’Hôpital d’Enseignement Universitaire de l’État d’Ekiti, Ado-Ekiti, Centre Médical Fédéral,Ido-Ekiti, Collège Hospitalier Universitaire Ibadan etl’Hôpital deMaternité Adeoyo, Ibadan, Nigeria de Juin 2011 à Octobre 2012.Les données concernant lesdétails démographiques,l’âge gestationnel,l’histoire obstétrique, diagnostic, etdeslecturesde pression artérielleont été obtenues de chaque participant parlebiaisd’un semi pré-test questionnaire.La saisie et l’analyse des données ont été effectuées à l’aide du logiciel statistique SPSS version 22.
Résultat: Au total, 521 femmes enceintes ont participé à l’étude et 34 (7,2%) étaient hypertendues, parmi lesquelles 55,9% avaient reçu un diagnostic de pré-éclampsie - éclampsie (19), 35,3% d’hypertension gestationnelle (12), 5,9% d’hypertension chronique (2) et 2,9% comme pré-éclampsie super imposée à l’hypertension chronique. HDP était plus fréquente chez les femmes âgées de e”31 ans (64,7%), qui avaient des antécédents d’HDP (23,5%), le troisième trimestre (70,6%) de grossesse et chez les femmes nullipares (67,6%).
Conclusion: Les troubles hypertensifs de la grossesse sont parmi les complications médicales les plus fréquentes qui aggravent l’issue de la grossesse. Un suivi régulier des facteurs de risque peut aider à atténuer la progression des troubles.
Mots-clés: Pré-éclampsie, grossesse, hypertension, prévalence, troubles
Correspondence: Mrs. Funmilola C. Oladele, Department Medical Biochemistry, College of Medicne, Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria. E-mail: funmygrace2000@yahoo.com.
Referències
Naeem MA, Naeem U and Hanif A. Pregnancy Outcomes; A Comparative Study of Hypertensive and Normotensive Pakistani Population. Professional Medical Journal. 2014; 21(2):347-353.
Ayyuba R, Abubakar IS and Yakasai IA. Umbilical Artery Doppler Velocimetry Study on Prediction of Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes Among Pregnant Women with Hypertensive Disorders in Kano, Nigeria, Niger J of Basic and Clinical Sciences, 2015; 12(2)95-104.
Singh S, Ahmed EB, Egondu SC and Ikechukwu NE. Hypertensive Disorders in Pregnancy among Pregnant Women in a Nigerian Teaching Hospital. Niger Med J, 2014; 55(5):384-388.
Sajith M, Nimbargi V, Modi A, Sumariyaa R and Pawar A. Incidence of Pregnancy Induced Hypertension and Prescription Pattern of Antihypertensive Drugs in Pregnancy. International Journal of Pharma Sciences and Research, 2014; 5(4):163-170.
Khosravi S, Dabiran S, Lotfi M and Asnavandy M. Study of the Prevalence of Hypertension and Complications of Hypertensive Disorders in Pregnancy. Open Journal of Preventive Medicine, 2014; 4 860-867.
Ye C., Ruan Y., Zou L., et al. The 2011 Survey on Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy (HDP) in China: Prevalence, Risk Factors, Complications, Pregnancy and Perinatal Outcomes. PLOS ONE, 9 (6) e100180. Doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0100180, 2014.
Magon N, Chopra S and Joneja GS. Hypertension in Pregnancy: The Endocrine and Metabolic Aspect. Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism, 2011; 15(4): 380-382.
Borade PV, Haralkar SJ and Wadagale AV. Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy: An Ongoing Holocoust. National Journal of Community Medicine. 2014; 5(1):61-65.
Shaba S and Siziya S. Prevalence Rate for Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy and Correlates for Women Admitted to the Maternity Ward of a Tertiary Hospital in Zambia. Asian Pac. J. Health Sci, 2015; 2(3):31-35.
Salako BL, Olayemi O, Odukogbe AA, et al Microalbuminuria in Pregnancy as a Predictor of Preeclampsia and Eclampsia. WAJM, 2004; 22(4):295-300.
Salako BL, Odukogbe ATA, Olayemi O, Adedapo KS and Aimakhu CO. Prevalence of Hypertension at Antenatal Booking and Delivery in Ibadan, Trop J Obstet Gynaecol, 2003; 20: 49-51.
Kooffreh ME, Ekott M and Ekpoudom DO . The Prevalence of Pe-eclampsia Among Pregnant Women in the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar. Saudi Journal for Health Sciences, 2014; 3(3):133-136.
Khong SL, Kane SC, Brennecke SP and da Silva Costa F. First-trimester uterine artery Doppler analysis in the prediction of later pregnancy complications. Hindawi Publishing Corporation Disease Markers.Article, 2015; 679730:1-10.
Peter ON, Okwuoma CA, Benjamin ON and Augustar EN. Occurrence of Pregnancy-Induced Hypertension in Selected Health Facilities in South East Nigeria. International Journal of Tropical Medicine, 2012; 7(2):86-92.
Ebeigbe PN and Aziken EE. Early Onset Pregnancy-Induced Hypertension/Eclampsia in Benin-City, Nigeria. Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice, 2010;13(4):388-393.
Kyari GV and Ayodele J. The Socio-Economic Effect of Early Marriage In North Western Nigeria. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences. 2014; 5(14):582-592.
Adokiye E A, Israel, Tubotonye HC and Levi WO. Factors Influencing the Prevalence of Preeclampsia in Booked and Unbooked Patients: 3Years Retrospective Study in NDUTH, Okolobiri. World Journal of Medicine and Medical Science, 2015; 3(1):1-14.
Gongora M and Wenger N. Cardiovascular Complications of Pregnancy. IJMS International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2015; 16(10), 23905-23928.
Karakilic I and Karakilic E. Hypertension in pregnancy. Ann Clin Exp Hypertension, 2016; 4(1):1033
Salako B L, Odukogbe ATA, Olayemi O, et al. Serum Albumin, Creatinine, Uric acid and Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy. East African Medical Journal, 2003 80(8):424-428