Resum
Introduction: Dichlorvos (2, 2-dichlorovinyl dimethyl phosphate (DDVP) is widely used in Nigeria for the preservation of stored grains, especially dry beans. Residues of this organophosphate pesticide may therefore inadvertently be present in such products. The present study investigates the hepatotoxic and clastogenic effects of high doses of DDVP in rats as a mimic to its indiscriminate use on store products.
Methods: Male rats (100-150 g) were randomly divided into six groups of five each. Treatments (p.o) were as follows: Group 1-distilled water; Group 2 (control)-corn oil; Groups (3-5)-varying doses of DDVP (5-20 mg/kg b.w) and Group 6-(2.5 mg/kg) sodium arsenite. After 28 days, indices of hepatotoxicity [serum activities of gamma-glutamyl transferase (γGT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine and aspartate aminotransferases (ALT and AST)] and clastogenicity [relative number of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (mPCEs)] were determined.
Results: DDVP at all the tested doses induced significant (p < 0.05) increase in activities of γGT, ALP, ALT and AST. It also significantly (p < 0.05) induced mPCEs formed in the bone marrow as compared with the control. The level of induction was dose dependent in both cases. In addition, there was significantly (p < 0.05) higher number of hepatic cells in the cell/mm2 assay for the group treated with DDVP. Histopathological analysis of liver samples from the treated groups revealed lesions corroborating the biochemical indices above.
Conclusion: Findings from this study suggest that DDVP has clastogenic and hepatotoxic effects in rats. There is therefore a need for strict regulatory control and monitoring of the use and residues of DDVP in stored products.
Keywords: Aminotransferases, Micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (mPCEs), DDVP.
Résumé
Introduction: Le dichlorvos (2, 2-dichlorovinyl diméthyle phosphate) (DDVP) est largement utilisé au Nigéria pour la conservation des grains entreposés, en particulier des haricots secs, et des résidus de ce pesticide organophosphoré peuvent donc être présents par inadvertance dans ces produits. Cette étude présente enquête sur les effets hépatotoxiques et de clastogènes à fortes doses de DDVP chez les rats, comme une imitation de son utilisation sans discernement sur les produits en réserve.
Méthodes: Des rats mâles (100-150 g) ont été divisés au hasard en six groupes de cinq chacun. Les traitements (p.o) étaient les suivants: Groupe 1 - eau distillée; Groupe 2 (témoin) - huile de céréale; Groupes (3-5) - doses variables de DDVP (5-20 mg / kg de poids corporel) et du groupe 6- arsénite de sodium (2,5 mg / kg). Après 28 jours, indices d’hépato-toxicité [activités sériques du gamma-glutamyl transférase (γGT), la phosphatase alcaline (ALP), l’alanine et l’aspartame aminotransférase (ALT et AST)] et la clastogénicité [nombre relatif d’érythrocytes polychromatiques micro-nucléés (mPCEs)] ont été déterminées.
Résultats: Le DDVP à toutes les doses testées a induit une augmentation significative (p <0,05) des activités de γGT, ALP, ALT et AST. Il a également induit significativement (p <0,05) des mPCEs formés dans la moelle osseuse par rapport au témoin. Le niveau d’induction dépend de la dose dans les deux cas. En outre, il y avait un nombre significatif (p <0,05) plus élevé de cellules hépatiques dans le test cellule/mm 2 pour le groupe traité avec DDVP. L’analyse de l’histopathologie des échantillons hépatiques des groupes traités a révélé des lésions corroborant aux indices biochimiques ci-dessus.
Conclusion: Les résultats de cette étude suggèrent que le DDVP a des effets clastogènes et hépatotoxiques chez les rats. Il existe donc un besoin de contrôle réglementaire strict et de surveillance de l’utilisation et des résidus de DDVP dans les produits stockés.
Mots - clés: taminotransférase, micro-nucléés érythrocytes polychromes (mPCEs), DDVP
Correspondence: Dr. M.A. Gbadegesin, Cancer Research and Molecular Biology Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria. E-mail: magbadegesin@yahoo.com
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