Antimicrobial resistance and Virulence genes profiling of proteus species from poultry farms in Lafia, Nigeria
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Resum
Background: The poultry industry is important in
boosting food security in a population; however, the
poultry environment and products can serve as
channels of antimicrobial resistant pathogens via the
food chain portending a health risk to humans and
the environment. This study investigated the
prevalence, antimicrobial resistance and virulence of
Proteus species from the feed, drinking water and
eggshells of four selected poultry farms in Lafia,
Nasarawa State.
Methodology: Farm samples (n =216) comprising
feed (64), drinking water (64) and swabs from
eggshells (88) were collected and processed for
isolation of Proteus species using standard
bacteriological methods. The antibiotics
susceptibilities of isolates to ten (10) commercial
antibiotics and carriage of three (3) virulence genes
(rsbA, ureC and luxS) were investigated using disc
diffusion test and Polymerase Chain Reaction,
respectively. Statistical significance difference among
the farms, sample types and Proteus species were
calculated using one-way ANOVA.
Results: Of the total samples studied, 34.26% (74/
216) were positive for Proteus species. Proteus
species were more prevalent in drinking water
samples (37.84%; 28/74) and feed samples (33.78%;
25/74) and least prevalent in eggshells (28.38%; 21/
74). Proteus species (n= 74) comprised P. mirabilis
78% (58/74) and Proteus vulgaris 22% (16/74) with
- mirabilis more predominant than P. vulgaris in
all the four farms sampled. The prevalence rate of
Proteus species was not statistically significantly
different (p > 0.05) among the farms, sample types,
and species. Isolates were 100% susceptible to
Amikacin and exhibited the highest resistance
(25.7%) to tetracycline. Molecular characterization
of the virulence genes of Proteus species revealed
the presence of luxS genes in P. vulgaris and rsbA
and ureC genes in P. mirabilis and P. vulgaris.
Conclusions: The overall prevalence rate of Proteus
species was low (34.26%) in the samples collected
and majority of the isolates were susceptible to the
antibiotics tested. Nonetheless, the level of resistance
to the antibiotics tested and carriage of virulence
genes is indicative of a significant health risk to the
consumers from transmission of Proteus species via
the food chain.
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