Laburpena
Background: Saliva is a body fluid with several functions involved in the maintenance of homeostasis and oral health. However, the physico-chemical properties of saliva may predispose an individual to caries.
Aim: To compare the saliva flow rate, pH, buffering capacity, total antioxidant capacity, calcium and phosphate levels and Streptococcus mutans counts in caries free and caries active children.
Methods: The cross sectional study comprised of two groups of children aged 6-12-years-old, 44 caries free (dmft/DMFT < 1) and 44 caries active (dmft/DMFT > 1) from Ile-Ife. Unstimulated saliva was collected to evaluate the physico-chemical properties. The pH and buffering capacity were estimated using the digital pH meter, total antioxidant capacity was determined by phosphomolybdenum method and Streptococcus mutans count estimated using Mitis Salivarius Bacitracin (MSB) agar. The mean values of the two groups were compared using Student’s t-tests. Statistically significant value was inferred at p<0.05.
Results: The mean saliva flow rate and buffering capacity were significantly higher in children without caries (0.55 + 0.10 and 8.93 + 0.53) compared to children with caries (0.50 + 0.08 and 8.21 + 0.43) respectively. Mean total antioxidant capacity was significantly increased in children without caries than caries active children (0.25 + 0.20 vs 0.17 + 0.11, p=0.04). Similarly, mean Streptococcus mutans counts was significantly higher in children with caries compared to those without caries (1.10 + 0.35 x 104 vs 0.21 + 0.21 x 104, p=0.01).
Conclusion: The physico-chemical properties of saliva such as flow rate, buffering capacity, phosphate level and Steptococcus mutans counts play a role in caries process.
Keywords: Saliva, flow rate, Streptococcus mutans, caries
Résumé
Contexte: La salive est un fluide corporel avec plusieurs fonctions impliquées dans le maintien de l’homéostasie et la santé bucco-dentaire. Cependant, les propriétés physicochimiques de la salive peuvent prédisposer un individu à la carie.
Objectif: Pour comparer la vitesse d’écoulement de la salive, le pH, la capacité tampon, la capacité antioxydant totale, les taux de calcium et de phosphate et l’estimation de Streptococcus mutans parmi les enfants sans caries et avec caries actives.
Méthodes: L’étude transversale comprenait deux groupes d’enfants âgés de 6 à 12 ans, 44 sans caries (dmft / DMFT <1) et 44 avec caries actives ( dmft / DMFT> 1) provenant d’Ile-Ife. La salive non stimulée a été recueillie pour évaluer les propriétés physicochimiques. Le pH et la capacité tampon ont été estimés en utilisant le pH-mètre numérique, la capacité antioxydant totale a été déterminée par la méthode au phosphomolybdène et le nombre de Streptococcus mutans estimé en utilisant Mitis Gélose salivaire à la bacitracine (MSB). Les valeurs moyennes des deux groupes ont été comparées en utilisant le Student t-test. Une valeur statistiquement significative a été déduite à p <0,05.
Résultats: Le débit salivaire moyen et la capacité tampon étaient significativement plus élevés chez les enfants sans caries (0,55 + 0,10 et 8,93 + 0,53) que chez les enfants avec caries (0,50 + 0,08 et 8,21 + 0,43) respectivement. La capacité antioxydant totale moyenne était significativement augmentée chez les enfants sans caries que chez les enfants avec caries actives (0,25 + 0,20 vs 0,17 + 0,11, p = 0,04). De même, le nombre moyen de Streptococcus mutans était significativement plus élevé chez les enfants atteints de caries que chez ceux sans carie (1,10 + 0,35 x 104 vs 0,21 + 0,21 x 104, p = 0,01).
Conclusion: Les propriétés physicochimiques de la salive telles que le débit, la capacité tampon, le taux de phosphate et le nombre de Streptococcus mutans joue un rôle dans le processus de caries.
Mots clés: Salive, débit, Streptococcus mutans, caries
Correspondence: Dr. E.O. Oziegbe, Department of Child Dental Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile Ife, Nigeria. E-mail: elioziegbe@yahoo.com
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