Serum levels of adiponectin, lipid and plasma glucose in normal, overweight and obese individuals
Keywords:
Adiponectin, Adipocity, Body mass index, Glucose, Lipids, ObesityAbstract
Objectives: The levels of serum adiponectin, lipids
and lipoproteins, and plasma glucose were compared
in normal, overweight and obese adults residing in
South-Eastern Nigeria.
Method: 168 subjects comprising of 56 each of
normal weight, overweight and obese subjects
participated in this study. Participant’s weight and
height were measured, recorded and Body Mass
Index (BMI) was calculated. Fasting plasma glucose
(FPG), serum total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides
(TG) were assayed using colorimetric methods and
adiponectin by ELISA technique. Low density
lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and very low
density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C) were
calculated using the Friedewald’sformula.
Results: The mean BMI observed in obese subjects
(34.92±5.60) was significantly higher than the
corresponding values in overweight (27.50±1.32)
and control subjects (22.24±1.58) while the mean
BMI in overweight subjects (27.50±1.32) was
significantly higher than the mean value in controls
(22.24±1.58). FPG, TC, TG, LDL-C and VLDL-C
concentrations were significantly higher in obese
group (5.33±0.77, 4.98±0.70, 1.26±0.30, 3.08±0.64
and 0.58±0.14) than in controls (4.45±0.57,
4.46±0.54, 1.03±0.26, 2.64±0.48, 0.47±0.12)
respectively. A positive correlation was observed
between the mean BMI of the subjects and their mean
FPG, TC, TG, LDL-C and VLDL-C concentrations
(r = 0.395, 0.257, 0.188, 0.231, 0.196; p = 0.0001,
0001, 0.015, 0.003, 0.011) respectively. There was
no significant correlation between BMI and HDL-C
levels (r = -0.073; p = 0.345). A negative correlation
was however seen between adiponectin levels and
BMI (r = -0.231, p = 0.003); and between
adiponectinand fasting FPG, TC, TG and VLDL-C
(r = -0.309, -0.153, -0.269, -0.274; p = 0.0001, 0.047,
0.0001, 0.0001) respectively.
Conclusion: The results obtained from this study
suggest that with increase in body weight (estimated
by body mass index), glucose levels and lipid
parameters increased, while adiponectin levels
decreased. It also illustrated that, with increase in
adiponectin levels, certain lipids (TC, TG, VLDL
- C) and glucose decreased. This infers that body mass
index as well as adiponectin levels, are associated
with glucose and lipid homeostasis.
However, further experimental studies are needed
to further create enlightenment on the physiological
and biochemical changes that take place in obesity
and related health conditions.
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