Differences in demographic and clinical variables among some African ethnic groups with T2DM

Authors

  • O Odusan
  • AO Ale
  • NC Moji

Abstract

Background: Diabetes mellitus, the commonest endocrine disease is approaching epidemic proportion worldwide driven by age, nutrition, genetic admixture, socio-economy and ethnicity.

Objective: To determine differences in demographic and clinical outcome of two ethnic African populations with type 2 diabetes.

Methodology: A cross sectional study of 240 type 2 diabetic persons (in two groups of 120 each) diagnosed using WHO criteria recruited from diabetes out-patient clinics of tertiary health facilities in Nigeria, West Africa and Lesotho, Southern Africa. They had no apparent diabetic complication(s). Information on age, sex, blood pressure, body mass index (BMI) and glycosylated haemoglobin determined by standard procedure were obtained from hospital records and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.

Results: Participants age ranged 32-82 years with mean of 52.4(±13.9) years. Nigerians were significantly older than Basotho (57.40±10.72 vs 47.40±14.94; p=0.0001). There were no significant differences in gender and mean BMI (p=0.267; p=0.264 respectively). Basotho had higher proportion of obese diabetics than Nigerians (40 % vs 20%) who were more in the overweight category [45% vs 25%], (p=0.003). Mean HbA1c was higher in Basotho than Nigerians [10.64±3.95 vs 8.27±1.53] (p=0.0001) while mean blood pressure of study participants were within normal though Nigerians had non-significantly higher mean systolic pressure [135.58±20.13 vs 133.33±26.71; p=0.603]. BMI of study participants correlated positively with age, BP and HbA1c irrespective of ethnicity.

Conclusion: There are differences in age, BP, BMI and HbA1c of ethnic African diabetics. Improved education, access to quality health care and social insurance policies should drive preventing DM and improve management outcomes.

Keywords: Ethnicity, clinical outcomes, socio-demography, Type 2 diabetes.

Abstrait
Contexte: Le diabète sucré, la maladie endocrinienne la plus courante, s’approche de la proportion épidémique dans le monde en raison de l’âge, de la nutrition, du mélange génétique, de la socio-économie et de l’ethnicité.

Objectif: Pour déterminer les différences dans les résultats démographiques et cliniques de deux populations ethniques africaines atteintes de diabète de type 2.

Méthodologie: Une étude transversale de 240 personnes diabétiques de type 2 (en deux groupes de 120 chacun) diagnostiquées selon les critères de l’OMS recrutées dans les cliniques externes de diabète des établissements de santé tertiaires au Nigéria, en Afrique de l’Ouest et au Lesotho, en Afrique Australe. Ils n’avaient aucune complication (s) diabétique apparente (s). Les informations sur l’âge, le sexe, la pression artérielle, l’indice de masse corporelle (IMC) et l’ hémoglobine glycosylée déterminées par la procédure standard ont été obtenues à partir des dossiers hospitaliers et analysées à l’aide du progiciel statistique pour les sciences sociales (SPSS) version 20.

Résultats: L’âge des participants variait de 32 à 82 ans avec une moyenne de 52,4 ( ± 13,9 ) ans. Les Nigérians étaient significativement plus âgés que les Basotho (57,40 ± 10,72 vs 47,40 ± 14,94 ; p = 0,0001). Il n’y avait pas de différences significatives dans le sexe et l’IMC moyen ((p = 0,267; p = 0,264 respectivement). Basotho avait une proportion plus élevée de diabétiques obèses que les Nigérians (40% vs 20%) qui étaient plus dans la catégorie du surpoids [45% vs 25 %], (p = 0,003). L’HbA1c moyenne était plus élevée parmi les Basotho que chez les Nigérians [10,64 ± 3,95vs8,27±1,53] (p = 0,0001) alors que la pression artérielle moyenne des participants à l’étude était dans la normale, bien que les Nigérians aient une systolique moyenne non significativement plus élevée pression [135,58 ± 20,13vs133,33 ± 26,71 ; p = 0,603]. L’IMC des participants à l’étude était corrélé positivement avec l’âge, la PA et l’HbA1c indépendamment de l’origine ethnique.

Conclusion: Il existe des différences d’âge, de PA, d’IMC et d’HbA1c des diabétiques ethniques africains. Une éducation améliorée, l’accès à des soins de santé de qualité et des politiques d’assurance sociale devraient favoriser la prévention du diabète et améliorer les résultats de gestion.

Mots clés: Ethnicité, résultats cliniques, socio-démographie, diabète de type 2.

Correspondence: Dr. O. Odusan, Department of Medicine, Obafemi Awolowo College of Health Sciences, Olabisi Onabanjo Teaching Hospital, Sagamu, Nigeria. E-mail: tunsan2001@yahoo.com

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2021-02-22

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