The fluoride content of drinking water and caries experience in 15 – 19 year old school children in Ibadan, Nigeria

Resumé

Fluoride, a trace element with anticariogenic benefit may either occur naturally or be added to drinking water sources. This study aimed at determining the fluoride level of the different drinking water sources in Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria and to relate this with the caries experience of secondary school children in the city. Sixteen samples of the drinking water sources from various locations in the five local government areas of the city were analysed for fluoride concentration. The locations were selected around the vicinities of the secondary schools used for caries study. Nine hundred and fifty five students aged 15-19 years randomly selected from eleven secondary schools in Ibadan metropolis were examined for dental caries over a period of 4-5 months. Only teeth with obvious cavitations were recorded as being carious using the WHO standard method. Teeth grossly covered with calculus and third molars were excluded. No radiograph was taken. The fluoride level of the different water sources was between 0.02 and 0.03ppm. Forty-four (4.6%) of the children had dental caries. There was no statistically significant difference between either DMFT and gender (t = 0.67, p = 0.91) or DMFT and age (F=1.488, p=0.224). However, females had a slightly higher mean DMFT than males and the highest mean DMFT (2.67 + 1.15) was found among the 19- year- old children. Twenty-three (52.3%) of the students with caries had only one carious tooth while only two had four carious teeth each. In conclusion, both the fluoride level and caries prevalence were low.

Keywords: Fluoride, anticariogenic, dental caries, school children.

Résumé
Fluoride est un élément de trace avec un bénéfice anti cariogenèse peut apparaître naturellement ou être additionné a l’eau buvable de sources. Cette étude avait pour but de déterminer le taux de fluoride dans différente eau potable buvable aux sources à Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria et de lier à l’expérience de la carie dentaire chez les collégiens dans la ville. Saxointe échantillons des eaux de sources buvables de endroits varies dans cinq district de la cite d Ibadan étaient collectés et la concentration en fluoride analysée. Les locations sélectionnées étaient proches des établissements secondaires utilisés pour étudier la carie dentaire. Neuf cent cinquante cinq collégiens âgés de 15-19 ans étaient choisis au hasard parmi onze établissements secondaire dans la ville métropolitaine d’Ibadan, examinés par la carie dentaire durant une période de 4-5 mois. Seulement les dents ayant les cavitations sure étaient enregistrées comme ayant la carie utilisant le méthode standard de l’OMS. Les dents complément couvert avec le calculus et les troisièmes molaires étaient exclues. Aucune radiographie n’était prise. Le taux de fluoride dans différente eau de sources était entre 0.02 - 0.03ppm. Quarante quatre (4.6%) des enfants avaient la carie dentaire. Il n’y avait pas de différence statistiquement significative entre soit DMFT et le gendre (t = 0.67, p = 0.91) ou le DMFT et l’age (F=1.488, p=0.224). Cependant, les femelles avaient une légèrement plus grande moyenne du DMFT que les males, et la plus élevée moyenne du DMFT (2.67 + 1.15) étaient trouvé parmi les collégiens de 19 ans. Vingt trois (52.3%) des étudiants avec la carie dentaire avait seulement une dent a carie alors que seulement deux collégiens avaient quatre dents chacun avec la crie dentaire. En conclusion, le taux de fluoride et de la carie dentaire était faible.

Correspondence: Dr. D.M. Ajayi, Department of Restorative Dentistry, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria. Email: md_ajayi@yahoo.com

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