Protective Effect of Alkaloid-rich Extract of Brimstone Tree (Morinda lucida) on Neurotoxicity in the Fruit-fly (Drosophila melanogaster) Model
Click to view file (PDF)

Keywords

Brimstone plant
Alkaloid-rich
Neurotoxicity
Drosophila melongaster
Acetylcholinesterase

How to Cite

Nwanna, E. (2021). Protective Effect of Alkaloid-rich Extract of Brimstone Tree (Morinda lucida) on Neurotoxicity in the Fruit-fly (Drosophila melanogaster) Model. African Journal of Biomedical Research, 24(2), 257–263. Retrieved from https://ojshostng.com/index.php/ajbr/article/view/33

Abstract

Brimstone plant is one of the medicinal plants found in Nigeria used in fore-lore medicine with little scientific information on its alkaloid constituents. This study was aimed at investigating the effect of alkaloid-rich compounds from the plant in manganese-induced (MgCl2) neurotoxicity in the fruit fly. In addition, alkaloid compounds will be characterized using gas chromatograph coupled with flame ionization detector (GC-FID). Alkaloid-rich extract was prepared by solvent extraction method, fruit flies were pre-treated with the extract (0.5 – 1.0mg/ml) in a fortified diet before induction with MgCl2. The survival rate and negative geotaxis were observed. Thereafter, the activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzyme, antioxidantive potentials in in-vivo reactive oxygen species (ROS) thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARS), total thiol content, nitric oxide (NO*), hydroxyl oxide (OH*) scavenging ability, ferric reducing antioxidant property (FRAP) and 2, 2’-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTs*) radical scavenging ability were carried out on the flies homogenate. Results obtained revealed that the alkaloid-rich extract regulated the neuro-protective activity of AchE, reduced the reactive oxygen species level in the induced flies with an increased in antioxidantive potential, higher survival rate and increases in the life span of the flies with 50% reduction in the mortality rate. The GC-MS showed a total of (1.55/100mg) of different plant-derived alkaloids such as dicentrine, atropine, aporphine. These alkaloids-rich compounds were found to have anti-oxidative, anti-nociceptive, anti-inflammatory and anti-cholinergic activities. In conclusion, this study suggests that alkaloids from brimstone plant could be the reason for the observed biological activities for the prevention of neuronal related complications

Click to view file (PDF)

References

Abolaji O.A., Kamdem J.P., Lugokenski T.H., Nascimento T.K., Waczuk E.P., Farombi E.O., Loreto E.L et al. (2014): Involvement of oxidative stress in 4-vinyl cyclohexene-induced toxicity in Drosophila melanogaster. Free Radic. Biol. Med. 71: 99–108.

Adedara I.A., Rosemberg D.B., Souza D.O., Kamdem J.P., Farombi E.O., Aschner M., Rocha J.B.T (2015): Biochemical and behavioural deficits in lobster cockroach Nauphoeta cinerea model of methylmercury exposure. Toxicol Res 4:442–451.

Adedara I.A., Abolaji A.O., Rocha J.B., Farombi E.O. (2016): Diphenyl diselenide protects against mortality, locomotor deficits and oxidative stress in Drosophila melanogaster model of manganese-induced neurotoxicity. Neurochem Res. 41, pages1430–1438.

Adeleye O.O., Ayeni O.J Ajamu M.A. (2018): Traditional and medicinal uses of Morinda lucida. Journal of Med. plants studies. 6(2):249-254.

Baker K.D and Thummel C.S. (2007): Diabetic larvae and obese flies-emerging studies of metabolismin Drosophila. Cell Metab. 6:257–266.

Benford D.J., Hanley A.B., Bottrill K., Oehlschlager S., Balls M., Brance F., Castegnara J.J., Descotes J., Hemminiky K., Lindsay D., Schilter B. (2000): Biomarkers as predictive tools in toxicity testing. The report and recommendations of ECVAM workshop 40.Alt Lab Anim 28: 119–131.

Bradford M.M (1976): A rapid and sensitive method for the quantification of microgram quantitiesof protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Anal Biochem.72:248-54.

Bruggink K. A., Kuiperij H. B., Ekholm-Pettersson F., Verbeek M. M., El-Agnaf O. M., Tokuda T. (2011): Detection of elevated levels of α-synuclein oligomers in CSF from patients with Parkinson disease. Neurology. 77(5):510-511.

Cyril-Olutayo C. M., Oladele A. T., Taiwo O. E. (2012): Ethnobotanical survey of plants used as memory enhancer and antiaging in Ondo State, Nigeria. International Journal of Pharmacy. 2:26-32.

Ellman G.L., Fiches F.T. (1959): Quantitative determination of peptides by sulfhydryl groupsArch, Biochem Biophys;. 82: 70-72.

Gutierres J. M., Carvalho F., Schetinger M.R., Rodrigues M., Schmatz R., Pimentel V.C., Vieira J.M., Rosa M.M., Marisco P., Ribeiro D A., Leal C., Rubin M.A., Mazzanti C.M Spanevello R.M. (2012): Protective effects of anthocyanins on the ectonucleotidase activity in the impairment of memory induced by scopolamine in adult rats. Life Sci. 91:1221– 1228.

Harborne, J. B. (1998): Phytochemical methods a guide to modern techniques of plant analysis. Springer Science & Business Media.

Hayashi K., Chuva de Sousa lopes S.M., Surani M.A. (2007): Germ cell specifications in mice. Science 316 (5823):394-6.

Hussain G., Rasul A., Anwar H., Aziz N., Razzaq A., Li X. (2018): Role of plant derived alkaloids and their mechanism in neurodegeneration disorders. Inter J. of Biol. Sci. 14(3), 341–357.

Ighodaro O.M., Akinloye O.A. (2018): First line defence antioxidants-superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX): Their fundamental role in the entire antioxidant defence grid. Alexandral Journal of Medicine 54: 287-293

Jafari M. (2010): Drosophila melanogaster as a model system for the evaluation of anti-agingcompounds. Fly (Austin) 4:253–257.

Kurutas E.B. (2016): The importance of antioxidants which play the role in cellular responseagainst oxidative/nitrosative stress: current state. Nutr J. 15: 71.

Le Bourg E., Lints F.A. (1992): Hypergravity and aging in Drosophila melanogaster and climbing activity. Gerontology 38(1-2):59-64.

Longman Li., Xiaobo Y. (2018): The Essential Element Manganese, Oxidative Stress, and Metabolic Diseases: Links and Interactions Oxid Med Cell Longev 1-11.

Marisco P.C., Carvalho F.B., Rosa M.M., Girardi B.A., Gutierres J. M., Jaques J.A., Salla A. P. S, Pimentel V.C., Schetinger M.R.C., Leal D.B.R., Mello C.F., Rubin M.A. (2013): Piracetam prevents scopolamine-induced memory impairment and decrease of NTPDase, 5′-nucleotidase and adenosine deaminase activities, Neurochemical Research. 38:1704–1714.

Mora M., Bonilla E., Medina-Leendertz S., Bravo Y., Arcaya J.L. (2014): Minocycline increases the activity of superoxide dismutase and reduces the concentration of nitric oxide, hydrogen peroxide and mitochondrial malondialdehyde in manganese treated Drosophila melanogaster. Neurochem Res 39: 1270–1278.

Ngounou F.N., Manfouo R.N., Tapondjou, L.A., Lontsi, D., Kuete V., Penlap V. (2005): Antimicrobial diterpenoid alkaloids from Erythrophleum suaveolens (Guill. & Perr.) Brenan Bull Chemical Society of Ethiopian, 19:221–6.

Nwanna E.E., Oboh G., Okediran O.A. (2018): “Dietary Intervention of Utazi (Gongrenema Latifolium) Supplemented Diet Using Wistar Male Rat Animal Brain Model’ Contribution to Book Chapter7 Title: Bioactive Compounds of Medicinal Plants Properties and Potential for Human Health By Megh R. Goyal and Ademola O. Ayeleso Published by CRC press Taylor and Francis USA. 02.28: 163-183.

Nwanna E.E., Ibukun E.O., Oboh G. (2019): Eggplant (Solanum spp) supplemented fruits diet modulated the activities of ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase (ENTPdase), monoamine oxidase (MAO), and cholinesterases (AChE/BChE) in the brain of diabetic Wistar male rats. J Food Biochem.7:5 1-11.

Ohkawa H., Ohishi N., Yagi K. (1979): Assay for lipid peroxide in animal tissues by thiobarbituric acid reaction. Analytical Biochemistry, 95(2):351-8.

Oyaizu M. (1996): Studies on products of browning reactions: antioxidative activities of products of browning reaction prepared from glucosamine. Japanese Journal of Nutrition. 44, 307-315.

Pearson V.E. (2001): Galantamine: A new Alzheimer drug with a past life. Ann Pharmacother. 35: 1406–13.

Ramassamy C. (2006): Emerging role of polyphenolic compounds in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases: a review of their intracellular targets. European Journal of Pharmacology. 545:51–64.

Re R., Pellegrini N., Proteggente A., Pannala A., Yang M., Rice-Evans C. (1999): Antioxidant activity applying an improved ABTS radical cation decolorisation assay. Free Radical Biology and Medicine. 26: 1231 – 1237.

Sangameswaran B., Bakthavatsalam B., Deshraj C., Balasundaram J. (2009): In vitro antioxidant activity of roots of Thespesia lampas Dalz and Gibs. Pakistan journal of pharmaceutical sciences. 22. 368-72.

Stephan B., Brayne C. (2008): Prevalence and projections of dementia. Excellence in dementia care: research into practice. 9-34.

Spencer J. P. E. (2008): Flavonoids: modulators of brain function? British Journal of Nutrition 99E, Suppl. 1, ES60– ES77.

Spencer J. P. E. (2009): Flavonoids and brain health: multiple effects underpinned by common mechanisms. Genes Nutrition. 4: 243–250.

The Bloomington Drosophila stock centre, Indiana University.(2002): Drosophila media recipes.htpp://flystocks.bio.indiana.edu/media-recipes.htm

Tripathi A.K., Upadhyay S., Bhuiyan M., Bhalttacharya P.R. (2009): A review on prospects of essential oils as bio-pesticide in insect–pest management. J.Pharm and Phyto.1(5):052-63.

Zar, J.H. (1986): Biostatistical Analysis. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall,

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Copyright (c) 2021 African Journal of Biomedical Research