Comparative Evaluation of the Anaesthetic Indices of Propofol in Varying Combinations With Diclofenac and Tramadol in Dogs
Keywords:
Anaesthesia, propofol, diclofenac, tramadol, vital parameters, dogsAbstract
This study compared the anaesthetic indices and vital parameters of dogs given propofol with varying analgesic combinations. Nine dogs assigned into three groups were administered Propofol 8mg (IV) combined with Diclofenac 2mg/kg IM -DP group; Tramadol 5mg/kg IM- TP group and Diclofenac 2mg/kg + Tramadol 5mg/kg IM-DTP group. Heart and respiratory rates, temperature and selected anaesthetic indices were determined over a 40-minute period. Onset and duration of analgesia were statistically significant (p<0.05) among groups. Onset of analgesia was D-T-P < T-P < D-P. Duration of analgesia was longest in the T-P group and shortest in D-P group. The duration of anaesthesia was statistically significant (p<0.05) among groups, however onset of drug action was not (p>0.05). In conclusion, the three analgesic-propofol combinations produced anaesthesia of moderate duration. However, the T-P and D-T-P had better outcome based on their faster onset and longer duration of analgesia
References
Amengual M, Flaherty D, Auckburally A et al., (2013): An evaluation of anaesthetic induction in 1081 healthy dogs using rapid intravenous injection of propofol or alfaxalone. Vet. Anaesth. and Analgesia 40: 115-123.
Bayan H, and Konwar B (2014): Clinical evaluation of ketamine-propofol anaesthesia in dog. Indian Journal of Field Veterinarians.10: 41
Bufalari A, Short C.E, Giannoni C and Vainio O (1996): Comparative response to propofol anaesthesia alone and with alpha-2 adrenergic medication in canine model. Acta Vet. Scand 37: 187 -201
Berry S. H (2015): Injectable Anesthetics in Veterinary Anaesthesia Analgesia, Edited by Lumb & Jones (4th Ed,). 277-292.
Grond, S and Sablotzki, A. (2004): Clinical Pharmacology of Tramadol. Clin Pharmacokinet. 43 (13): 879-923
Guedes A.G.P, Rude E. P, Faria, R.X (2005): Comparison of tramadol and morphine for premedication in dogs undergoing general anesthesia for orthopedic surgery
Jin F and Chung F (2001): Multimodal analgesia for postoperative pain control. J Clin Anesth. 13 (7) :524-39.
Kukanich, B. and Papich, M. G. (2004): Pharmacokinetics of tramadol and the metabolite O –desmethyl tramadol in dogs J Vet. Pharmaco. Ther. 27: 239–246.
Leigh A. L (2008): Multimodal Pain Management in Veterinary Medicine: The Physiologic Basis of Pharmacologic Therapies. Veterinary Clinics of North America Small Animal Practice 38(6):1173-86
Raposo, E. Rodrigues, M. A. Martins J.H. and Assis, Q (2009): Comparative study on the sedative effects of morphine, methadone, butorphanol or tramadol, in combination with acepromazine, in dogs, Vet Anaesth. Analg. 36(1):25-33.
Reid J. and Nolan, A (1999): Intravenous anaesthetics; in Manual of small Animal anaesthesia and Analgesia, Seymour, C and Gleed, R. Eds BSAVA
Shafer S.L. (1993): Advances in propofol pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Indian journal, Clinical anaesthesia 5: 14-21
Muir W. W., John A.E. Hubbell, R. M, Bednarski,R Skarda T. (2007): New York Mosby, Handbook of Veterinary Anaesthesia, 4th edition 600pp
Short CE, Bufalari A (1999): Propofol anaesthesia Vet Clin North Am Small Anim. Pract. 29 (3): 747-748.
