How to Cite
Abstract
Community pharmacists play a significant role by providing pharmaceutical care for patients with mental disorders. Mental disorder is a health priority in national health strategies around the world, including in Nigeria. However, personal perception and practice-related barriers may prevent full involvement. This study therefore aims to assess community pharmacists’ perception and level of comfort towards mental healthcare, as well as the barriers in providing pharmaceutical care to patients with mental disorder in Ibadan.
A cross-sectional study among 120 community pharmacists in Ibadan, using a self-administered questionnaire. Descriptive statistics including frequency and percentage were used to summarize the data.
The majority (99; 82.5%) agreed they will deal with mentally ill patients, while (81; 67.5%) feel confident and comfortable to provide pharmaceutical care to patients with mental illness. Major barriers to pharmaceutical care cited includes inability to monitor outcomes as patients may never return to the pharmacy again (88; 73.3%) and having only limited patient information (85; 70.8%). This corresponds with the revelation that (88; 73.3%) believe that follow up for adverse drug related problem is not easy. About 23% community pharmacies do not stock psychotropic medication at all, mainly due to few requests and tough regulations of record keeping required by law.
Despite willingness to provide services to patients with mental illness, reduced stockings of psychotropics and practice-related barriers prevent full participation of community pharmacists.
References
Adebayo B.O., Hassan I.A., Adebisi Y.A. (2021). Towards improving community pharmacy-based mental health services in Nigeria. Journal of Pharmacy Policy and Practice 14(34) retrieved oct 10, 21 from https://doi.org/10.1186/s40545-021-00316-
Aluh D.O., Anyachebelu O.C., Ajaraonye C.I. (2020). Comparison of pharmacists’ mental health literacy: developed versus developing countries. J Am Pharm Assoc.60(5):S64–72.
Awaritefe A. (2017).Psychotherapy in Nigeria. Int J Psychother Afr.2(1):7–19.
Bell J.S., Whitehead P., Aslani P., Sacker S., Chen T.F.(2006). Design and implementations of an educational partnership between community pharmacists and consumer educators in mental health care. Am J Pharm Educ. 70:28.
Brooks M. (2014). Top 100 most prescribed, top selling drugs [internet]. http://www.medsc ape.com/view article/82505 3. Accessed 14 Feb 2022.
Ejidokun A., Coker O.A., Lasebikan V.O. (2012). Prevalence of mental disorders and disablement among primary health care service users in Lagos Island. Epidemiology Research International Journal retieved oct 15, 21 from https://doi.org/10.115/2012/357348 .
Ginatti V., Caley C.F., Charles F., Kamal K.M., Khalid M.K. (2018). Community pharmacists and mental illness: a survey of service provision, stigma attitudes and beliefs International Journal of Clinical Pharmacy, 40(5): 1096-1105.
Gureje O., Omigbodun O.O., Gater R., Acha R. A., Ikuesan B. A., Morris J. (1994) “Psychiatric disorders in a pediatric primary care clinic,” British Journal of Psychiatry, 165, 527–530.
Hinshaw S.P. (2009). The mark of shame: stigma of MI and an agenda for change. New York: Oxford University Press; 202–16.
Knaak S., Mantler E.D., Szeto A.(2017). Mental illness-related stigma in healthcare: Barriers to access and care and evidence-based solutions. Healthcare Management Forum 2017 , Vol. 30(2) 111-116 doi.org/10.1177/0840470416679413
Malak A. (2020). Pharmacists and their roles in managing mental illness, Canadian pharmaceutical journal. 153(6) 325 - 326
Margarita A., Amanda N., Irene F., Kiara A., (2019). Social Determinants of Mental Health: Where We Are and Where We Need to Go, U.S National library of medicine National Institute of Health Journal. 20(11) 95.
Maslen C.L., Rees L., Redfern P.H. (1996). Role of the community pharmacist in the care of patients with chronic schizophrenia in the community. International Journal Pharmacy Practice.4:187–195. doi: 10.1111/j.2042-7174.1996.tb00867
Mey A., Fowler J.L., Knox K., Shum D.H.K., Fejzic J., Hattingh L. (2014). Review of community pharmacy staff educational needs for supporting mental health consumers and carers. Community Ment Health J.50:59–67.
Mohammed N., (2008). Community pharmacists’ attitudes towards mental illness and providing pharmaceutical care for mentally ill patients. Neurosciences Journal 13(4):412-420
Murphy A. L., Martin-Misener R., Kutcher S. P., O’Reilly C. L., Chen T. F., Gardner D. M. (2016a). From personal crisis care to convenience shopping: An interpretive description of the experiences of people with mental illness and addictions in community pharmacies. BMC Health Services Research,16, 569. https ://doi.org/10.1186/s1291 3-016-1817-4.
Murphy A. L., Phelan H., Haslam S., Martin-Misener R., Kutcher S. P., Gardner, D. M. (2016b). Community pharmacists’ experiences in mental illness and addictions care: A qualitative study.Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention, and Policy,11, 6. https://doi.org/10.1186/s1301 1-016-0050-9.
Nock M. K., Hwang I., Sampson N., Kessler R. C., Angermeyer M., Beautrais A., Williams D. R. (2009). Cross-national analysis of the associations among mental disorders and suicidal behavior: Findings from the WHO world mental health surveys. PLoS Medicine, 6(8), e1000123. https ://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.10001
National Population Commission of Nigeria. (2006). National and states population and housing tables. Population and housing census of the Federal Republic of Nigeria; 2006 http://www.population.gov.ng Accessed October 23, 2020.
Olufemi B.O., Ayodele O.C., Mathew P.Z., (2013). Cost of treatment as barrier to access and continuity of healthcare for patients with mental ill-health in Lagos, Nigeria. Page press journal DOI:10.4081/hls.2013.e8
Phokeo V., Sproule B., Raman-Wilms L.(2004) Community pharmacists’ attitudes toward and professional interactions with users of psychiatric medications. Psychiatr Serv. 55:1434-6.
Rialda K. (2021). Mental health: lessons learned in 2020 for 2021 and forward retrievd sept 19, 21 from https://blogs.worldbank.org/mental-health-lessons-learned-2020-2021-forward
Rickles N.M., Dube G.L., McCarter A., Olshan J.S. (2003). Relationship between attitudes toward MI and provision of pharmacy services. J Am Pharm Assoc.2010(50):704–13.
Rubio-Valera M., Chen T.F., O’Reilly C.L. (2014). New roles for pharmacists in community mental health care: a narrative review. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 11:10967–90.
Saka S.A., Akanbi O.S., Eze U.I.H. (2020). Perceptions of Nigerian final year undergraduate students of the adequacy of the pharmacy curriculum for mental health care. J Pharm Pract Res. 50:48–54. https:// doi. org/ 10.1002/ jppr. 1607.
Socrates M. 2019. Nigeria has a mental health problem, Al jazeera
Yamane T. (1967). Statistics, an introductory analysis. 2nd ed. New York: Harper and Rao. 886.
Yin X.W., Tahir M.K. (2019). Perception of community pharmacists in Malaysia about health care and barriers to providing pharmaceutical care services to patients with mental disorders. Community Mental Health Journal 56(1)88-9.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Copyright (c) 2023 African Journal of Biomedical Research