Manganese Chloride Modulated Bone Homeostasis and Haematological Parameters during Lithogenic Diet-Induced Cholesterol Gallstone in Female Swiss Mice

• J. C. Udechukwu

• A. T. Salami

Body mass index and hormonal imbalances are hallmarks of obesity prevalent in the female population. Obesity is positively correlated with gallstones and osteoporosis due to decreased bone mineral density. Manganese is reported to ameliorate gallstone formation in diabetes; however, its effects on haematological variables and bone health during cholesterol gallstone formation remain limited, which this study design aimed to investigate. Ninety female Swiss mice (18-22g) were divided into two studies. In study one, naive female mice were grouped into: Control and MnCl₂ (0.37, 0.74 and 2.0 mg/kg), while in study two, cholesterol gallstone was induced using a lithogenic diet and treated with MnCl₂ doses (GS+MnCl₂) as in study one, GS-alone and GS+Aspirin (350mg/kg). By weeks 4 and 8, Body and liver weights, Full blood count, plasma proteins, Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP), Femoral Bone morphology, and marrow Myeloid to Erythroid ratio (M:E) were evaluated. In study one, higher manganese doses significantly reduced PCV and haemoglobin levels; however, WBC and lymphocyte count significantly decreased in MnCl₂-treated groups compared with the control. Total serum protein, globulin, albumin, and ALP decreased significantly in the 0.37mg/kg MnCl2-treated group compared with the control group at weeks 4 and 8. Femur weight significantly increased at week 4, while M:E increased in all MnCl₂-treated groups at weeks 4 and 8 compared with the control. During gallstone formation (study two), PCV, haemoglobin, and RBC count were significantly increased, while neutrophil and platelet count decreased in MnCl₂-treated groups compared with the GS-alone group. Serum total protein and albumin significantly increase in GS+0.37mg/kg, while globulin increases in GS+2.0mg/kg. Liver ALP was reduced significantly in GS+0.37mg/kg and GS+0.74mg/kg compared with GS-alone. Femur weight significantly increased while M:E decreased in GS+2.0mg/kg MnCl₂ at week 8 compared with GS-alone.

Manganese attenuated osteoporosis associated with cholesterol gallstones by modulating bone homeostasis and hematopoiesis.

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