Tóm tắt
Head injury is a disease afflicting mainly young males, and road traffic accident is the most common aetiologic factor. This report evaluates the findings in a one-year prospective study done from April 21, 2006 – April 20, 2007 in the first year of services in one of Nigeria’s new neurosurgical Centres, to establish the baseline epidemiological patterns of head injury. Data was collected using a questionnaire from the point of presentation till discharge of each head injury patient, and augmented with theatre and out-patient records, and analyzed. The Glasgow Coma and Outcome Scales were used for grading. Our Centre is a tertiary health facility that receives referrals from private, primary and secondary facilities. Of the 334 total patients treated, 210 (62.9%) had head injuries. Males were 158(75.2%), and 145(69%) resulted from road traffic accident, mostly from motorcycles. Fractures were mostly basal 86(41%), brain pathology was mostly cerebral contusion 74(35.2%), and treatment mostly non-operative 137(65.2%), with good outcome in 144(68.6%). Mortality was 40(19.1%). Trauma is the main reason for neurosurgical consultation in our Centre and the unsafe use of roads, especially with motorcycles, remains the major cause of head injury.
Keywords: Brain, fractures, motorcycle, outcome, trauma.
Résumé
La blessure du crane est une maladie plus fréquent au jeune homme et l’accident routier est le facteur étiologique le plus commun. Ce rapport étudie les valeurs dans une étude prospective d’un an du 21 Avril 2006 au 27 Avril 2007 dans un nouveau centre chirurgical tertiaire au Nigeria recevant des malades referrés des centres privés, primaires et secondaires dans le but d’établir les fréquences des données de base épidemiologique des blessures craniénes.Les données collectées sous forme de questionnaire au point de presentation jusqu’a la décharge de chaque patient et d’autres patients ayant eu des chirurgies étaient analysés. Sur un total de 334 patients traités, 210(62.9%) avaient des blessures aux cranes. Ils y avaient 158(75.2% ) males et 145(69%) femelles résultaient d’accidents routiers, la plupart des motorcyclistes. Les fractures étaient plus de base (41%), la pathologie du cerveau était plus des occulsions cérebrales 74(35.2%), et de traitement non chirugicale 137(65.2%) avec de bon résultat chez 144 (68.6%). Le taux de mortalité était de 40(19.1%). En conclusion le traumatisme est une raison fondamentale de la consultation neurologique dans ce centre et du mauvais usage des routes spéciallement des motorcyclites reste une cause majeure de blessure de crane.
Correspondence: Dr. Jude Kennedy C. Emejulu, Neurosurgery Unit, Department of Surgery, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, PMB 5025, Nnewi Anambra State, Nigeria. E-mail: judekenny2003@yahoo.com
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